摘要
在社会分工发达和商品全球流通的现代化进程中,由实际占有商品的第三人向买家交货的商业实践具有普遍性,而买家据以要求交货的权利却有不同的载体。国际贸易实践形成了以提单为主的货物流转体系,但没有排除当事人可以协商通过交付彼此约定的单证完成交货。当事人交付提单、仓单等法定交货单证藉由法律拟制完成现实交付之余,也可以通过交付约定单证完成指示交付。不同法系不同规则的表达方式存在差异,但法律规则内生于商业实践,蕴含着为方便权属转移、促进贸易流通而产生的原理上的共通性。“一带一路”倡议中,除在宏观层面完成铁路提单制度的规则创设外,现阶段还要同时充分运用指示交付的民法工具。通过法律适用便利商品流转,保障商品价值充分发挥,促进市场活动繁荣,为形成新的国际规则争取更大的缓冲空间。
In the process of modernization with developed social division of labor and global circulation of commodities,it is common in commercial practices that the goods would be delivered to the buyer by a third party who actually possesses the commodities,while the buyer’s right to demand delivery is expressed by different kinds of documents.With international trade growing,there has been a goods circulation system mainly based on bills of lading,but the parties may still agree to choose to deliver the documents agreed upon by each other as the completion of delivering goods.The parties may deliver such legal documents as bills of lading and dock warrants which are regarded as realistic delivery provided by law.Moreover,they may also deliver promissory documents which are regarded as indication delivery in law.Different rules of different legal systems have different ways of expression,but the rules are originated from commercial practices which make them contain the theoretical intercommunity for making transfer of title more convenient and transaction flow more smoothly.In the Belt and Road Initiative,in addition to completing the rule-making of railway bill of lading system at the macro level,it is necessary to make full use of civil law tools for indication delivery at the present stage.It will benefit goods transfer,safeguard realization of goods value,promote the prosperity of market activities through application of laws,which eventually strives for greater buffer space for the formation of new international rules.
作者
鲍颖焱
BAO Ying-yan(The 4th Civil Division,The High People’s Court of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210024,China)
出处
《中国海商法研究》
CSSCI
2022年第4期73-84,共12页
Chinese Journal of Maritime Law
基金
2017年度国家社科基金一般项目“‘一带一路’背景下我国多式联运保险法律制度研究”(17BFX090)。
关键词
提单
提货单
物权凭证
指示交付
权利质押
bill of lading
delivery order
document of title
indication delivery
pledge of a right
