摘要
【目的】针对猕猴桃园土壤黏重滞水、通气透水性差,植株生长不良的生产问题,探究不同改良措施下果园黏重土壤物理、化学性质的变化,筛选最优土壤改良方案。【方法】采用1 m^(3)露天池栽模拟试验,设计对照(CK)、掺砂20%(S_(20))、掺砂40%(S_(40))、枝条3 kg/池还田(B_(3))、蚯蚓粪10 kg/池还田(W_(10))、枝条3 kg+蚯蚓粪10 kg/池还田(B_(3)+W_(10))和蚯蚓粪20 kg/池还田(W_(20))等7个处理,测定土壤相关物理化学指标,并利用主成分分析法对不同改良处理的土壤物理化学性质变化进行综合评价。【结果】W_(20)、W_(10)、B_(3)+W_(10)、B_(3)以及S_(20)均能有效降低土壤表面紧实度和土壤容重,W_(20)、W_(10)、B_(3)+W_(10)与CK达到显著差异(P<0.05)。W_(20)、W_(10)和B_(3)+W_(10)均能增加土壤田间持水量,提高土壤饱和含水率和毛管孔隙度,土壤保水能力增强,同时显著提高了土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和有机质的含量(P<0.05)。B_(3)、S_(20)和S_(40)则降低了田间持水量、饱和含水率和土壤总孔隙度,S_(40)的保水和持水能力最弱,易漏水干旱,但B_(3)与CK差异不显著(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果表明,不同土壤改良措施下猕猴桃园土壤理化性质改良综合得分排序为:W_(20)(3.346)>B_(3)+W_(10)(1.655)>W_(10)(1.529)>B(3-0.705)>S_(20)(-0.712)>CK(-2.489)>S_(40)(-2.624)。【结论】不同土壤改良措施均能降低土壤容重和土壤表面紧实度,掺砂S_(20)能降低土壤容重、土壤紧实度和土壤持水量,增大土壤非毛管孔隙度,提高土壤通气透水性,但掺砂(S_(20)、S_(40))会导致土壤保水能力下降、肥力降低,建议加强相应的水肥管理。施入蚯蚓粪(W_(10)、B_(3)+W_(10)、W_(20))能显著降低土壤容重和紧实度,增加土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分,显著提高土壤有机质含量,提升土壤肥力。枝条还田(B_(3))对土壤容重、持水量和孔隙度改善相对较弱。结合主成分分析结果,综合得出结论:针对黏重猕猴桃果园土壤,比较科学合理的土壤改良措施是掺砂20%并添加蚯蚓粪有机肥20 kg/0.6 m^(3)(土层深度为60 cm)。
【Objective】The current study aims to investigate the production problems of heavy soil viscos⁃ity,poor water retention,poor aeration and permeability,and poor plant growth in kiwifruit orchard,the changes of physical and chemical properties of clayey soil in orchard under different improvement mea⁃sures were investigated,and the optimal soil improvement scheme was screened.【Method】Using 1 m^(3)open-pit pool planting simulation test,design totally 7 treatments including control(CK),20%sand mixed(S_(20)),40%sand mixed(S_(40)),3 kg/pool branches returned to the field(B_(3)),10 kg/pool wormcast returned to the field(W_(10)),3 kg branches and 10 kg/pool wormcast returned to the field(B_(3)+W_(10))and 20 kg/pool wormcast returned to the field(W_(20)),and determine the related physical and chemical indexes of soil.The changes of soil physical and chemical properties were synthetically evaluated by PCA(principal component analysis).【Result】W_(20),W_(10),B_(3)+W_(10),B_(3) and S_(20) treatments could effectively reduce soil sur⁃face compactness and soil bulk density,there are significant difference between W_(20),W_(10),B_(3)+W_(10) and CK(P<0.05).W_(20),W_(10) and B_(3)+W_(10) treatments could increase field water capacity,saturated water content and capillary porosity of soil,enhance soil moisture holding capacity,and significantly increase(P<0.05)total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter contents of soil.B_(3),S_(20) and S_(40) treatments decreased field water capacity,saturated water content and overall porosity,and S_(40)with the weakest water holding capacity will be easily leak and arid,but there is no significant difference between B_(3) and CK(P>0.05).The results of PCA showed that the combined effect due to the changes of soil physi⁃cal and chemical properties in kiwifruit orchard under different soil improvement treatments were as fol⁃lows:W_(20)(3.346)>B_(3)+W_(10)(1.655)>W_(10)(1.529)>B_(3)(-0.705)>S_(20)(-0.712)>CK(-2.489)>S_(40)(-2.624).【Conclusion】Sand mixed(S_(20))can reduce soil bulk density,degree of packing and water holding capac⁃ity,increase the non-capillary porosity,and improve air and water permeability in soil.However,sand mixed(S_(20),S_(40))will lead to the decrease of water retaining capacity and soil fertility,so it is suggested to strengthen the corresponding water and fertilizer management.The application of wormcast in soil(W_(10),B_(3)+W_(10),W_(20))can significantly reduce soil bulk density and compactness,promote total nitrogen,avail⁃able nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,significantly increase organic matter con⁃tent,and so improve soil fertility.While the improvement of soil bulk density,water capacity and porosity by branches returned(B_(3))was relatively weak.Combined with the results of principal component analy⁃sis(PCA),it was known that to improve the physical and chemical properties of the viscosus and sticky soil in kiwifruit orchard the relatively scientific and reasonable measures was mixing 20%sand and syner⁃gistical applying 20 kg/0.6 m^(3) wormcast organic fertilizer(the mixing depth is 60 cm).
作者
游浩宇
陈大刚
徐开未
彭丹丹
肖苏杰
罗中魏
王祖华
陈远学
YOU Haoyu;CHEN Dagang;XU Kaiwei;PENG Dandan;XIAO Sujie;LUO Zhongwei;WANGZuhua;CHEN Yuanxue(College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Huasheng Agriculture Co.,LTD.,Mianzhu 618200,Sichuan,China)
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期826-837,共12页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
基金
四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2020YFN0045
2021YFN0026)。
关键词
猕猴桃园
黏质土
土壤改良
土壤理化性质
主成分分析
kiwifruit orchard
clayey soil
soil improvement
soil physical and chemical properties of soil
principal component analysis
