摘要
[目的]筛选出适宜内蒙古西辽河平原区苏打盐碱化耕地的土壤改良材料,为该区域盐碱地综合开发利用和农业可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法]选取目前应用效果较好的有机硅肥、腐植酸肥和微生物菌肥3种土壤改良材料,分析其对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量、有机质含量及甜菜生长和产量和质量的影响。[结果]①3种土壤改良材料均能不同程度改善苏打盐碱化耕地土壤化学性状,具体表现为能有效地降低土壤pH值、碱化度和全盐含量,提高有机质含量。不同处理和对照的土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量和有机质含量均表现为10-20 cm土层大于0-10 cm土层;与对照相比,3种土壤改良材料对土壤pH值、碱化度的降低幅度和对有机质的提高幅度10-20 cm土层大于0-10 cm土层,而对土壤全盐含量的降低幅度则0-10 cm土层大于10-20 cm土层;3种土壤改良材料中,以有机硅肥对土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量和有机质含量的改善效果最佳。②与对照相比,3种土壤改良材料均可显著提高甜菜出苗率和存活率,促进甜菜株高、叶面积指数和全株鲜重等生长指标的提高,进而提高甜菜产量和质量,其中以有机硅肥处理效果最佳;3种土壤改良材料虽然都不同程度地增加了甜菜的产值,但仅有机硅肥经济效益高于对照。③影响苏打盐碱化耕地甜菜出苗、存活、生长、产量和质量指标的主要因子是土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐含量和有机质等化学特性指标。通过施用土壤改良材料,能够对土壤化学特性起到直接调控作用,从而有效地保证甜菜生长发育,提高产量和质量。[结论]综合考虑土壤特性、甜菜生长、产量和质量以及经济效益等指标,施用有机硅肥较其他2种材料对苏打盐碱化耕地的改良和甜菜栽培具有较好效果。
[Objective]The suitable soil amendments applied to soda saline alkali cultivated land in the Xiliaohe Plain of Inner Mongolia were screened in order to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of saline alkali land and the sustainable development of agriculture in this area.[Methods]Three soil amendments(i.e.,organic silicon fertilizer,humic acid fertilizer,and microbial fertilizer)were selected to analyze their effects on soil pH value,alkalinity,total salt content,organic matter content,sugar beet growth,yield,and quality of soda salinized cultivated land.[Results]①The three soil amendments improved the soil chemical properties of soda salinized cultivated land to varying degrees.Specifically,they effectively reduced soil pH value,alkalinity,and total salt content,and increased organic matter content.Soil pH value,alkalinity,total salt content,and organic matter content of different treatments in the 10-20 cm soil layer were greater than that in the 0-10 cm soil layer.Compared with the control,the reduction range of soil pH value and alkalinity,and increase range of organic matter content of the three soil amendments in 10-20 cm soil layer were greater than in the 0-10 cm soil layer,while the reduction range of soil total salt content in the 0-10 cm soil layer was greater than in the 10-20 cm layer.Among the three soil amendments,organic silicon fertilizer had the greatest effect on increasing soil pH value,alkalinity,total salt content,and organic matter content.②Compared with the control,the three soil amendments significantly increased emergence rate and survival rate of sugar beet,and increased growth indexes such as plant height,leaf area index,and whole plant fresh weight of sugar beet,thereby improving sugar beet yield and quality,and the organic silicon fertilizer showed the best effects.The three soil amendments increased the output value of sugar beet,but the economic benefit of only organic silicon fertilizer was higher than that of the control.③The main factors affecting the emergence,survival,growth,yield,and quality of sugar beet in soda saline alkali cultivated land were soil pH value,alkalinity,total salt content,and organic matter content.The application of soil amendments can directly regulate soil chemical characteristics,thereby effectively ensuring sugar beet growth and development,and increasing yield and quality.[Conclusion]From the comprehensive consideration of soil characteristics,sugar beet growth,yield,quality,and economic benefits,the organic silicon fertilizer was more effective in improving of soda saline alkali cultivated land and sugar beet cultivation compared with the other two soil amendments.
作者
田露
郭晓霞
苏文斌
黄春燕
李智
菅彩媛
韩康
薛春雷
Tian Lu;Guo Xiaoxia;Su Wenbin;Huang Chunyan;Li Zhi;Jian Caiyuan;Han Kang;Xue Chunlei(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Science,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期8-15,共8页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
内蒙古自治区主席基金项目“通辽市科左中旗苏打盐碱化耕地改良技术模式研究与监测评价:适宜盐碱地的粮食与经济作物鉴选及耐盐增产种植技术研究”(202076)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0060)
现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-170207)
内蒙古自治区草原英才工程项目。
关键词
苏打盐碱化耕地
土壤化学特性
土壤改良材料
甜菜
西辽河平原
soda salinized cultivated land
soil chemical characteristics
soil amendments
sugar beet
Xiliaohe Plain
