摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮色氨酸水平对本交笼蛋种鸡羽毛损伤、生产性能和犬尿氨酸代谢的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,即2个羽毛损伤程度(羽毛完整和损伤严重)和3个饲粮色氨酸水平(0.16%、0.24%、0.32%)。选取健康状况良好、体重相近的64周龄本交笼父母代海兰褐蛋种鸡1080只,按照试验设计分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。预试期1周,正试期4周。结果显示:1)羽毛损伤严重组平均日采食量显著高于羽毛完整组(P<0.05)。0.24%组的平均日采食量显著高于0.16%组和0.32%组(P<0.05),且0.16%组的平均日采食量显著高于0.32%组(P<0.05)。2)0.24%组的蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于0.16%组和0.32%组(P<0.05)。3)羽毛完整组第1-4周全身羽毛评分均显著高于羽毛损伤严重组(P<0.05)。0.24%组第1-4周全身羽毛评分均显著高于0.16%组和0.32%组(P<0.05),0.32%组第1-3周全身羽毛评分显著高于0.16%组(P<0.05)。4)羽毛完整组的啄物行为发生频率显著高于羽毛损伤严重组(P<0.05),盯物、啄羽行为发生频率则显著低于羽毛损伤严重组(P<0.05)。0.24%组的啄地、啄物、盯物、啄羽行为发生频率显著低于0.16%组和0.32%组(P<0.05)。5)羽毛完整组血浆中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、犬尿喹啉酸(KYNA)和色氨酸浓度显著高于羽毛损伤严重组(P<0.05)。饲粮色氨酸水平显著影响血浆中5-HT、KYNA、3-羟基犬尿氨酸(3-HK)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、喹啉酸(QUIN)和色氨酸浓度(P<0.05)。0.24%组血浆中3-HK浓度显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。0.24%组血浆中5-HT、色氨酸浓度显著高于0.16%组(P<0.05)。0.24%组血浆中KYNA浓度显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。综上所述,羽毛损伤会降低蛋种鸡羽毛评分,增加群体啄羽行为的发生频率;适当提高饲粮色氨酸水平(饲粮色氨酸水平为0.24%)可通过增强血浆5-HT代谢途径,提高采食量,降低神经毒性,缓解啄羽等应激性行为的发生,从而提高蛋种鸡的生产性能和羽毛覆盖率。
The purpose of this experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary tryptophan level on feather damage,performance and kynurenine metabolism of laying breeders in natural mating cage.A 2×3 two-factor experimental design was adopted in this experiment,according to the two degrees of feather damage(intact feather and severely damaged feather)and three dietary tryptophan levels(0.16%,0.24%and 0.32%).A total of 1080 Hy-Line Brown laying breeders at the age of 64 weeks that kept in natural mating cage with good health and similar body weight were selected,and divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 hens per replicate.The pre-feeding period lasted for 1 week,and the formal period lasted for 4 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily feed intake(ADFI)in severely damaged feather group was significantly higher than that in intact feather group(P<0.05).The ADFI in 0.24%group was significantly higher than that in 0.16%group and 0.32%group(P<0.05),and it in 0.16%group was significantly higher than that in 0.32%group(P<0.05).2)The albumen height and Haugh unit in 0.24%group were significantly higher than those in 0.16%group and 0.32%group(P<0.05).3)The whole feather score at weeks 1 to 4 in intact feather group was significantly higher than that in severely damaged feather group(P<0.05).The whole feather score at weeks 1 to 4 in 0.24%group was significantly higher than those in 0.16%group and 0.32%group(P<0.05),and the whole feather score at weeks 1 to 3 in 0.32%group was significantly higher than those in 0.16%group(P<0.05).4)The frequency of object pecking behavior in intact feather group was significantly higher than that in severely damaged feather group(P<0.05),and the frequencies of object gazing and feather pecking behaviors were significantly lower than those in severely damaged feather group(P<0.05).The frequencies of land pecking,object pecking,object gazing and feather pecking behaviors in 0.24%group significantly lower than those in 0.16%group and 0.32%group(P<0.05).5)The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),kynurenic acid(KYNA)and tryptophan in plasma in intact feather group were significantly higher than those in severely damaged feather group(P<0.05).Dietary tryptophan level significantly affected the concentrations of 5-HT,KYNA,3-hydroxy-kynurenine(3-HK),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA),quinolinic acid(QUIN)and tryptophan in plasma(P<0.05).The plasma 3-HK concentration in 0.24%group was significantly lower than that in other two groups(P<0.05).The plasma 5-HT and tryptophan concentrations in 0.24%group were significantly higher than those in 0.16%group(P<0.05).The plasma KYNA concentration in 0.24%group was significantly higher than that in other two groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,feather damage can reduce the feather score of laying breeders and increase the frequency of feather pecking behavior.Suitably increasing dietary tryptophan level(dietary tryptophan level is 0.24%)can improve performance and feather coverage of laying breeders by enhancing plasma 5-HT metabolic pathway,increasing feed intake,reducing neurotoxicity,alleviating feather pecking and other stress behaviors.
作者
刘萌
黄晨轩
陈一凡
王德贺
石雷
郝二英
曾丹
陈辉
LIU Meng;HUANG Chenxuan;CHEN Yifan;WANG Dehe;SHI Lei;HAO Erying;ZENG Dan;CHEN Hui(College of Animal Science and Technology,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Huayu Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Handan 057150,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期7770-7780,共11页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
财政部和农业农村部—国家蛋鸡产业技术体系(CARS-40-K20)
国家自然科学基金项目(32172779)
河北省蛋鸡产业技术研究院(2018123)。
关键词
色氨酸
羽毛损伤
蛋种鸡
生产性能
行为观察
犬尿氨酸
tryptophan
feather damage
laying breeders
performance
behavior observation
kynurenine
