摘要
从尼克松政府起,美国对北极问题一直保持高度关注。总的来看,美国北极政策50余年的发展历程大致可分为初具雏形、探索成型和确立发展三个阶段。在这一过程中,外部环境变化、国家内部因素以及政策自身发展规律三个方面共同作用,推动美国北极政策的发展演变。首先,美国北极政策是在全球气候变暖加剧、北极地区的地缘竞争日趋激烈的大背景下演进和发展的;同时,冷战、“俄罗斯插旗事件”等一些特殊事件对政策变迁意义重大,是影响美国北极政策变迁的关键节点。其次,美国国内政治体制、经济发展为政策变迁奠定了基础;阿拉斯加州以及关键个人等行为体也在美国北极政策制定和实施过程中扮演重要角色。另外,从政策自身演变的角度来看,政策演进并不是简单的新旧更替,美国北极政策受原有政策和实践的影响,非常重视国家安全、北极科考以及环境保护等方面。
Since the Nixon administration,the U.S.has maintained a high level of interest in Arctic issues.In general,the development of U.S.Arctic policy over the past 50 years can be divided into three stages:incipient,exploratory and established.During this process,three aspects,namely,changes in the external environment,internal national factors,and the law of development,have jointly driven the development and evolution of U.S.Arctic policy.First,the U.S.Arctic policy evolved and developed against the backdrop of increasing global warming and geopolitical competition in the Arctic region;at the same time,some special events such as the Cold War and the“Russian flag incident”were determinant to the change of the policy Second,the U.S.domestic political system and economic development laid the foundation for the policy change;the State of Alaska,key individuals and other actors also played important roles in the process of U.S.Arctic policy formulation and implementation.In addition,from the perspective of the evolution of the policy itself,policy evolution is not simply a change from old to new;U.S.Arctic policy is influenced by pre-exist⁃ing policies and practices,with a strong emphasis on national security,Arctic scientific research,and environmental protection.
作者
杜晓杰
谢晓光
Du Xiaojie;Xie Xiaoguang(Foreign Affairs University;School of International Economics and International Relations;Center for the Economies and Politics of Transitional Countries,Liaoning University)
出处
《战略决策研究》
2023年第1期81-97,101,102,共19页
Journal of Strategy and Decision-Making
基金
2021年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金重大委托项目“新发展格局下辽宁省深度参与东北亚区域合作与人文交流的机制与路径研究”(L21ZD035)
辽宁省教育厅2021年度科学研究面上项目“百年大变局下的中国海洋秩序观演变及政策研究”(LJKR0066)的阶段性成果。
关键词
美国
北极
动力
United States
Arctic
Dynamics
