摘要
目的调查啤酒制造厂工人多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2021年9月以广州市某啤酒制造厂的501名员工为研究对象,使用中文版《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》调查WMSDs患病现状,应用多因素logistic回归方法分析颈、肩、背多部位WMSDs的危险因素。结果啤酒制造厂员工WMSDs总患病率达39.7%,其中各部位患病率较高的是颈部27.1%、肩部25.0%、下背部24.0%和上背部23.2%。工人单一部位WMSDs患病率为10.8%,多部位WMSDs患病率为28.9%,2个部位同时患病的比例是3.8%,3个部位同时患病的比例是4.4%,4个部位同时患病的比例是16.4%,5个及以上部位同时患病的比例为4.6%,其中颈、肩、上背、下背4个部位同时患病的比例为17.8%(89/501),上肢部位(肘部、手腕部)同时患病的比例为3.2%(16/501),下肢部位(腿部、膝部、踝部)同时患病的比例为2.2%(11/501)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:相对于总工龄<5年,总工龄5~9年、10~14年的员工罹患颈、肩、上背、下背多部位WMSDs的风险分别提高至2.781倍、3.480倍(P<0.05);以不舒服姿势工作罹患颈、肩、上背、下背多部位WMSDs的风险提高至2.343倍(P<0.05);大专及以上文化程度(相对于初中及以下)、每天从事同样工作是颈、肩、上背、下背多部位WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.355、0.554,P<0.05)。结论啤酒制造行业WMSDs患病风险较高,以多部位WMSDs发病为主,其中以颈、肩、上背、下背多部位患病模式较为常见。啤酒制造行业可以通过避免不舒服作业姿势,重点关注工龄长、文化程度较低的员工,以降低工人多部位WMSDs的发病风险。
Objective To investigate the status and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)of workers in neck,shoulder and back in a brewery.Methods In September 2021,501 employees of a brewery in Guangzhou were selected as the subjects to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs using the Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs.Results The total prevalence of WMSDs of workers in this brewery was 39.7%,the highest prevalence was 27.1%in neck,25.0%in shoulder,24.0%in lower back and 23.2%in upper back.The prevalence of WMSDs in single site was 10.8%,and that in multiple site was28.9%.The occurrence of WMSD in 2,3,4 and 5 or more sites was 3.8%,4.4%,16.4%,and 4.6%,respectively.Among them,the prevalence rate of simultaneous onset in neck,shoulder,upper back and lower back was 17.8%(89/501),in upper limb(elbow and wrist)was 3.2%(16/501),and in lower limb(leg,knee and ankle)was 2.2%(11/501).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with workers with total working time<5 years,the risk of WMSDs in the neck,shoulder,upper back and lower back of workers with total working time of 5-9 year or 10-14 years increased to 2.781 and 3.480 times(P<0.05),respectively;the risk of WMSDs in neck,shoulder,upper back and lower back of workers with operation in an uncomfortable position increased to 2.343 times(P<0.05);higher educational level(college education or above vs.junior high school education or below)and engaging in same operation every day were protective factors for WMSDs at neck,shoulder,upper back and lower back(OR=0.355,0.554,P<0.05,respectively).Conclusions The risk of WMSDs of workers in beer manufacturing industry was higher,mainly in multi-sites such as neck,shoulder and back.The risk of WMSDs at multiple sites of these workers could be reduced by avoiding uncomfortable working posture and giving much concerning on employees with longer working time and/or with low education level.
作者
何易楠
彭志恒
黄贵荣
黄天艺
张晋蔚
马炜钰
周海林
刘移民
HE Yinan;PENG Zhiheng;HUANG Guirong;HUANG Tianyi;ZHANG Jinwei;MA Weiyu;ZHOU Hailin;LIU Yimin(Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital/Guangzhou Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620,China;Guangzhou Zhujiang Brewery Co.Ltd,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511462,China)
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2022年第6期679-684,共6页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
基金
职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定(131031109000160004)
广州市卫生健康科技重大项目(2021A031003)
广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函[2019]1555号)
广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发[2011]167号)
广州市卫生健康科技项目(20221A010034)。
关键词
工作相关
肌肉骨骼疾患
多部位
啤酒制造
危险因素
颈肩背
work-related
musculoskeletal disorder
multi-site
beer manufacturing
risk factor
neck
shoulder and back
