摘要
马来西亚联邦成立后,东马政治与联邦政治随即展开互动,联邦政府不但直接干涉东马政治发展,还在族群构成、经济发展和文化事务等方面强化自身影响以加强对东马的控制,一直到20世纪90年代初期,联邦都对东马政治发展保持较大的影响力。从20世纪90年代后期开始,随着联邦政治开启转型,东马政治对联邦政治的影响力逐渐增大,成为联邦政府稳固政权的重要助力。自第14届大选以来,联邦政治呈现出碎片化的特点,东马政党则成为决定政权归属和政局稳定的政坛“造王者”。2018年,来自沙巴州的民兴党帮助希望联盟获取联邦政权,顺利实现马来西亚的改朝换代。2020年“喜来登事件”后,马来西亚政治重新陷入混乱,在此背景下来自东马的支持对国民联盟获得超过半数国会席位发挥了重要作用,协助国盟巩固了政权。目前,联邦政治和东马政治都呈现出新的特点。在联邦层面,选民结构以及选民对政治的态度发生变化,政党联盟呈现出碎片化发展趋势,政治体系逐渐从“两线制”过渡到“拼盘政治”,政局走势从“一步式”转向“多步化”,政党合作从基于理念合作发展成为基于利益而合作。在东马地区,区域政治越来越受到联邦政党重视,东马政治逐渐从边缘走向中心,与此同时随着东马选民越来越团结,政党影响力逐渐增强,未来在与联邦的互动中东马的自主权将得到一定程度的提升。基于上述特点,未来东马政治对联邦政治的影响将大于后者对前者的影响。
From late 1990s, East Malaysia also began to influence the Federation in party politics. From the 14th General Election, as the party politics of Federation presenting the characteristics of fragmentation, parties from East Malaysia gradually became a kingmaker. In 2018, Warisan from Sabah helped Pakatan Harapan to achieve the federation power, and after “Isu Sheraton” in 2020, support from Sabah and Sarawak played an important role in helping Perikatan Nasional to stabilize the power. And now, the politics of Federation and East Malaysia both presents new characteristics. At the federal level, the voter structure and attitudes towards the national politics have changed, party coalitions are getting more and more fragmentary, and political system changes from “Two-line System” to “Assorted Politics”, the trend of politics also changes from “single step” to “multistep”, cooperation foundation between parties and coalitions are political interest rather than political ideas. At the East Malaysia level, the regional politics is receiving increasing federal attention, and gradually gets to the center from the edge. At the same time, with the East Malaysia’s political parties gaining more influence in the interaction with Federation, there may be same increase in autonomy in the future. Based on the new characteristics, the future influence of East Malaysia politics to Federation politics may stronger than the latter to the former.
出处
《南亚东南亚研究》
2022年第6期44-56,153,154,共15页
South and Southeast Asian Studies
关键词
东马
政党政治
沙巴
沙捞越
双向互动
East Malaysia
Party Politics
Sabah
Sarawak
Interaction
