摘要
“山水林田湖草沙”一体化治理现已成为干旱区生态环境建设的重要理念,目前虽已有部分重大工程项目在沙区实施,但一体化治理的科学与技术原理尚不清晰,仍未在这些工程中充分体现。鉴于此,本文就科尔沁沙地一体化治理的挑战、科学原理、技术原理与实施重点进行了论述。在科尔沁沙地,林-田、林-林、林-水、田-水、林-草、沙-水、田-草等要素关系尚不很协调,导致资源失衡、服务功能低下。进行一体化治理应遵循风沙运动规律、草地界面理论、水资源平衡理论、生物多样性维持理论、景观生态学理论和生态系统服务功能等科学原理与规律。一体化治理技术层面应突出体现水-沙关系协调、景观设计优化、防治技术与模式多方位并重、自然与人为景观兼顾、“三生”空间布局均衡等原理。一体化治理的重点应置于沙丘和防护林功能提升、农田和草地增效、湖泊生态保育、人居环境绿化美化、工程项目生态修复上。本文可为科尔沁沙地以及整个三北地区的沙区一体化生态环境建设提供参考。
Integrated management of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandland” has become an important concept of ecological environment construction in arid areas. Although some major projects have been implemented in the sand areas, but the scientific and technical principles of integrated management are not clear and have not been fully reflected in these projects. Considering such cases, we discussed the challenges, scientific principles, technical principles and implementation priorities of the integrated management of Horqin Sand Land. In Horqin Sand Land, the relationships between forest and farmland, forest and forest, forest and water, farmland and water, forest and grassland, sand land and water, farmland and grassland were not well coordinated, resulting in resource imbalance and low ecologic services. The integrated management should follow scientific principles and laws, including aeolian sand movement law, grassland interface theory, water resource balance theory, biodiversity maintenance theory, landscape ecology theory, and ecosystem services. At the technical level, the principles of water-sediment relationship coordination, landscape design optimization, prevention and control technologies and modes multi-directional synergia, natural and man-made landscapes harmonies, “production-ecological” space layout balance should be highlighted. The key points of integrated management should focus on the function improvement of sand dunes and shelter forests, the efficiency improvement of farmlands and grasslands, the ecological conservation of lakes, the greening and beautification of human settlements, the ecological restoration of engineering projects. This review could provide reference for the integrated ecological environment construction in Horqin Sand Land and the sand areas of northern China.
作者
刘志民
余海滨
汪海洋
LIU Zhi-min;YU Hai-bin;WANG Hai-yang(Wulanaodu Desertification Combating Ecological Station,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Wengniute Banner,Chifeng 024513,Inner Mongolia,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期3441-3447,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060403)资助。
关键词
科尔沁沙地
山水林田湖草沙一体化
生态保护
生态修复
生态、生产、生活空间
Horqin Sand Land
integration of montains
waters
forests
farmlands
lakes
grasslands and sandlands
ecological protection
ecological restoration
ecological
production and living space
