摘要
‘金牡丹’作为一种优良的茶树品种,推广种植应用面积较广,是国家级良种。在良种基础上,结合良法栽培是实现优良种质提质增效的关键。光照在植物生长发育与品质调控中起到至关重要的作用。本试验以福建寿宁县2龄‘金牡丹’茶园为研究对象,探究了不同透光率处理下不同采摘时间‘金牡丹’茶树生长及其茶叶品质变化。结果表明:透光率对‘金牡丹’茶树生长影响显著,其中以80%透光率处理下的树高、冠幅、地径、分枝数、着叶数最大,而在60%~100%透光率范围内一芽二叶百芽重无明显差异。采摘时间不同,最适透光率也不同。在4月和9月采摘的茶叶,以80%~100%透光率下茶叶感官品质得分较高,花香平正、味醇,而7月则以60%透光率下的得分高,虽花香平淡,但味浓尚醇。透光率影响了茶叶中水浸出物、咖啡因、茶多酚、游离氨基酸的含量及酚氨比。其中,以游离氨基酸、酚氨比对透光率响应最为敏感,透光率越低,游离氨基酸含量越高,酚氨比越小。茶多酚含量与茶叶总抗氧化能力呈明显的正相关线性关系(R^(2)=0.97),相较4月和9月,任一透光率下7月份采摘茶叶中茶多酚含量显著偏高。建议‘金牡丹’种植宜适度控制透光率,春、秋季透光率宜为80%,夏季宜为60%。
as an excellent tea cultivar,‘Jinmudan’is a national tea cultivar and has a wide planting area.Combination of improved tea cultivar with good agricultural techniques is a key factor to improve quality and production efficiency of tea production.Sunlight plays an important role in plant growth and quality control of tea.Effects of light intensity regulated by covering sunlight shield net on quality of tea cultivar‘Jinmudan’was investigated in tea fields grown 2-year-old‘Jinmudan’tea plants in Shouning County,Fujian Province.The results showed that the light intensity had a significant effect on the growth of‘Jinmudan’tea plants,among which the plant height,crown width,tree trunk diameter,branch number and leaf number were the best under 80%transmittance,but there was no significant difference in the weight of shoots with two leaves and a bud between various treatments.The optimum light intensity varies with the seasons.For the tea picked in April and September,the sensory quality score of the tea under 80%-100%light transmittance is high,usually with a flower fragrance and mellow taste,while the quality score of leaves picked in July is high under 60%transmittance.Although the flower fragrance is weak,the taste is strong and mellow.The light intensity affected the contents of water soluble extract,caffeine,tea polyphenols,free amino acids and the ratio of phenol to ammonia in tea.Among them,the ratio of free amino acid to phenol ammonia is the most sensitive to light intensity.The lower the light intensity,the higher the content of free amino acid,and the smaller the ratio of phenol to ammonia.The content of tea polyphenols was significantly positively correlated with the total antioxidant capacity of tea(R^(2)=0.97).The content of tea polyphenols in tea picked in July under any light intensity was significantly higher than shoes picked in April and September.It is suggested that the light intensity should be appropriately controlled for planting tea plants of cultivar‘Jinmudan’,and the optimum light intensity should be 80%transmittance in spring and autumn,while 60%in summer.
作者
陈强
CHEN Qiang(Shouning Tea Industry Development Center,Fujian Shouning 355500)
出处
《茶叶》
CAS
2022年第4期218-223,共6页
Journal of Tea
关键词
‘金牡丹’
生长
品质
生化成分
高效栽培
Cultivar‘Jinmudan’
growth
quality
biochemical components
efficient cultivation
