摘要
随着AI技术的发展,人工智能与传统设备的结合已深刻改变了人类的生产生活。MASS(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships)全称为海上自主水面船舶,其作为人工智能的产物,代表着未来船舶的发展趋势,也推动MASS岸基操控人员这一新兴海事主体的产生。“自动化”并不意味着在MASS的操作过程中完全消除人员因素的干扰,在IMO所定义的MASS发展四阶段中,人在循环中的角色是不断变化的,其职能、责任、法律地位均有所不同,关于岸基操控人员法律地位的认定,具有基础性和高度优先性。L1级别MASS无需岸基操控人员;L2级别MASS岸基操控人员可视作L3级别岸基操控人员的实习或见习期;L3级别岸基操控人员可视为船长或“外部船长”;L4级别MASS系统的优先程度高于人,岸基操控人员仅具有“监督”与作出“降级”决定的职责,不排除其成为新兴海事主体的可能性。
As AI technology develops,the combination of artificial intelligence and traditional equipment has profoundly changed human production and life.As a product of artificial intelligence,maritime autonomous surface ships(MASS)represents the development trend of ships in the future,and promotes the emergence of shore control center operator(SCCO)of MASS,a new maritime subject."Automation"does not mean that the interference of personnel factors is completely eliminated in the operation process of MASS.In the four stages of MASS development defined by IMO,the role of people in the cycle is constantly changing,and their functions,responsibilities and legal status are different.The recognition of the legal status of SCCO of MASS is fundamental and of high priority.L1 level MASS does not require SCCO;the L2 level SCCO can be regarded as the internship or probation period of L3 level SCCO;L3 level SCCO can be regarded as master or"external master".The priority of the system of L4 level MASS is higher than people,and SCCO only have the responsibility of"supervising"and making"demotion"decisions,which does not rule out the possibility of becoming a new maritime subject.
作者
袁雪
姜爱华
Yuan Xue;Jiang Aihua(School of Humanities and Social Science,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Guangdong Provincial Laboratory(Zhuhai),Southern Marine Science and Engineering,Zhuhai 519600,China)
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第1期34-48,共15页
Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“IMO框架下无人船国际立法追踪及中国应对研究”(3072022WK1307)
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)自主科研项目“无人船舶和海洋无人设备相关法律问题研究”(SML2020SP005)。
关键词
岸基操控人员
MASS
法律地位
船员职责
船长
shore control center operator
MASS
the legal status
crew′s responsibilities
master
