摘要
中国新一代地球静止气象卫星风云四号A星(FY-4A)搭载的干涉式大气垂直探测仪(Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder, GIIRS)以红外高光谱干涉分光方式探测三维大气温湿结构,取得了在静止轨道上探测大气的突破性进展。地基全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)是一种连续监测大气可降水量(Precipitable Water Vapor,PWV)的有效手段,基于2018年6—8月中国地基GNSS站监测的PWV和FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线的业务产品以及常规无线电探空资料,开展GNSS/PWV与FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线快速融合应用,以提高卫星资料反演大气水汽廓线的精度。结果表明:与常规无线电探空相比,FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线产品在大气低层均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)为4.5 g/kg,700 hPa为2.4 g/kg,500 hPa以上因水汽含量较低RSME小于1.5 g/kg。GNSS/PWV与FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线融合后,FY-4A/GIIRS水汽廓线误差整层RMSE减小20%,从近地层到600 hPa RMSE平均减小20%—25%,尤其是850—700 hPa改善最明显,极大改善了卫星水汽反演资料的可用性。对一次多系统影响的暴雨天气过程应用分析表明,GNSS/PWV和FY-4A/GIIRS融合产品可获得高时、空密度的大气水汽廓线,对强降水的临近预报有非常重要的支撑作用。
The hyperspectral data from the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS) of the new-generation geostationary meteorological satellite FY-4A can be used to detect three-dimensional structure of atmosphere temperature and humidity by means of infrared hyperspectral interference spectroscopy, and a breakthrough has been made in detecting the atmosphere in geostationary orbit. Precipitable water vapor(PWV) from ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) is an effective means for continuous monitoring of atmospheric water vapor. In order to improve the reliability of water vapor from FY-4A hyperspectral sounder data, the GNSS/PWV, the atmospheric water vapor profiles retrieved by FY-4A/GIIRS and conventional radiosonde data from June to August in 2018 are analyzed. The high-precision atmospheric water vapor data monitored by GNSS and the GNSS/PWV and FY-4A/GIIRS water vapor profiles are rapidly merged to improve the accuracy of satellite retrievals of atmospheric water vapor profile. The results show that compared with conventional radiosonde data, the RMSE of the real-time product for atmospheric profile retrievals of FY-4A/GIIRS is 4.5 g/kg in the lower atmosphere, 2.4 g/kg at 700 hPa, and less than1.5 g/kg above 500 hPa due to less water vapor content. By merging GNSS/PWV and water vapor profiles of FY-4A/GIIRS, the root mean square error of the whole layer is reduced by about 20%, and the root mean square error from near the surface to 600 hPa is reduced by 20%—25%, especially between 850 hPa and 700 hPa. The merging method can greatly improve the availability of satellite retrieval data. Through the application analysis of a rainstorm process with multiple system effects, it is found that the merging of GNSS/PWV and FY-4A/GIIRS can obtain atmospheric water vapor profiles with high spatial and temporal resolutions, which play a very important role in the nowcast of heavy rainfall.
作者
杜明斌
梁宏
吴春强
曹云昌
郭巍
唐玉琪
岳彩军
DU Mingbin;LIANG Hong;WU Chunqiang;CAO Yunchang;GUO Wei;TANG Yuqi;YUE Caijun(Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center,Shanghai 200030,China;CMA Meteorological Observation Centre,Beijing 100081,China;National Satellite Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081,China;Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《气象学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期940-952,共13页
Acta Meteorologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41961144015)
上海市科委科研计划项目(19dz1200103)
广西科技计划项目(桂科AB21075005)。
