摘要
为探究巨菌草饲料的最佳发酵工艺和优势菌群,采用单因素试验考察了接种量、发酵温度、含水量和发酵时间等,并利用响应面法优化了主要因素,以检测指标中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白、氨态氮/总氮、乳酸/乙酸和丁酸的总评归一值(OD)为唯一响应值,确定最佳发酵工艺,再对饲料菌群进行富集,利用高通量测序技术分析饲料中细菌及真菌的组成和功能.结果表明:饲料最佳发酵工艺为发酵温度28℃、含水量60%、接种量2.6%和发酵时间9 d;传至第4代时,营养品质高且质量较稳定,其中性洗涤纤维含量62.24%、酸性洗涤纤维含量37.02%、相对饲用价值89.76%、粗蛋白含量10.41%、氨态氮/总氮为2.54%、pH 4.28、乳酸含量9.55%、乳酸/乙酸为0.85、丁酸含量5.40%;经连续富集后饲料中菌群的多样性增强,其菌群结构与原始菌种和发酵基料相关;传代前后的优势菌门(变形菌门、厚壁菌门和子囊菌门)并无显著差异,而优势细菌属由片球菌属和肠球菌属改变为泛菌属和乳酸杆菌属,优势真菌属由木霉属改变为Blumeria,并增加了Naganishia、Khuskia和Meyerozyma的丰度.综上,基于最佳工艺,菌群传至第4代的巨菌饲料营养品质、菌群结构和丰度较稳定且最佳,表明第4代菌群可作为巨菌草饲料的专用发酵菌群.
In order to investigate the optimum technological conditions and dominant microflora community during the fermentation of Cenchrus fungigraminus feed,single factor test was conducted to investigate the effect of inoculum size,fermentation temperature and time,and water content on feed quality.The main factors of fermentation were further optimized by response surface methodology with the overall desirability(OD)of indexes of neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),crude protein(CP),ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen(NH3-N/TN),lactic acid/acetic acid(LA/AA)and butyric acid(BA)being the only response value.Moreover,the composition and function of the bacteria and fungus enriched in the feed were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the optimal fermentation condition was to inoculate 2.6%microflora C and ferment at 28℃for 9 d,with water content maintaining at 60%;the nutrient composition and fermentation quality were higher and stable when it proliferated to the 4th generation.The nutrition information of C.fungigraminus fermented feed was as follows:NDF content of 62.24%,ADF content of 37.02%,relative feeding quality of 89.76%,CP content of 10.41%,NH3-N/TN ratio of 2.54%,pH value of 4.28,LA content of 9.55%,LA/AA ratio of 0.85,BA content of 95.40%.After continuous enrichment,the diversity of microbial community in the feed increased,whose microbial community structure was related to the original strains and fermentation substrate.The dominant phyla(Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Ascomycota)did not change significantly after the enrichment,while the dominant bacterial genus was changed from the original Pediococcus and Enterococcus to the final Pantoea and Lactobacillus.The dominant fungal genus was changed from Trichoderma to Blumeria,together with the enrichment of Naganishia,Khuskia and Meyerozyma.To summarize,the nutrient quality,structure and abundance of microflora in the C.fungigraminus feed fermented were relatively stable and optimal till the 4th generation,indicating the application of the microflora of the 4th generation being used as the special fermentation microflora for C.fungigraminus feed.
作者
邱余杨
赵辉
何啸宇
祝芙蓉
刘斌
刘庆华
QIU Yuyang;ZHAO Hui;HE Xiaoyu;ZHU Furong;LIU Bin;LIU Qinghua(China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Food Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Animal Sciences(College of Bee Science),Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)
出处
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期106-116,共11页
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition
基金
福建省科技计划重大专项(2021NZ029009)
福建农林大学学科交叉融合专项(XKJC-712021030)。
关键词
巨菌草
菌群发酵
工艺优化
营养品质
传代富集
Cenchrus fungigraminus
mixed culture fermentation
process optimization
nutritional quality
enrichment by generation
