摘要
【目的】通过2010和2020年北京市行道树结构特征对比分析,探寻行道树结构特征10年变化趋势,发现目前行道树结构存在的主要问题,为后期行道树栽植和管理提供理论依据和参考。【方法】分别在2010年和2020年6−9月,对北京市六环内道路采用典型抽样方法,选择相同地段,对行道树进行每木检尺。从不同角度分析北京市城区行道树的树种组成、应用频度、重要值和冠幅结构10年变化情况。【结果】10年期间,北京市行道树增加了6科10属8种,变化的树种均为偶见种,乔灌比增大;行道树主要以乡土树种和落叶树种为主,且落叶树种占比不断增加;应用频度排名前10行道树占比总和增加,其中白蜡占比增加最多;黄刺玫应用频度10年间下降比例最大;国槐的重要值下降8.2%,但仍远大于其他树种;行道树平均冠幅降低0.1 m,1级和5级冠幅等级行道树占比均降低;平均冠幅排名前10的行道树冠幅更加集中,其中二球悬铃木在1级冠幅等级下降比例最大。【结论】北京市行道树的树种丰富度有所增加,但仍存在树种结构相对单一、单个树种占比增大等问题,不利于城市道路林生态系统的稳定。因此,北京市行道树应该扩大树种的选择范围,将阔叶落叶乔木树种、常绿灌木和草本植物搭配种植,加强本地种的培育和应用并适当引进价值高的外来树种;同时在城市绿化时,做好树冠结构的保护,增强行道树的遮荫效果。
[Objective]By investigating the changing trend of street tree structure in Beijing from 2010 to 2020,the purpose of the research was to identify the main challenges and give references for street tree establishment and management in the future.[Method]Typical sampling methods and the same sample plots were used to investigate every street tree within the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing in June to September from 2010 to 2020,respectively.The variations of ten years in street tree species composition,utilization frequency,crown diameter and species important value in Beijing were analyzed from different perspectives.[Result]Six families,ten genera and eight species had been increased during the last ten years in Beijing,and all of them were occasional species.The proportion of arbor and shrub had also increased.The street trees are mainly native species and deciduous species,with a higher proportion of deciduous species.The total proportion of top ten street tree species ranking by utilization frequency had increased,and proportion of Fraxinus chinensis trees was the highest one,while the decrease in utilization frequency of Rosa xanthina was the highest one in recent decade.The important value of Sophora japonica was still much higher than other street tree species though it was decreased by 8.2%.The average crown diameter of street trees decreased by 0.1 m for massiveness of new planted trees.The proportion of street trees in the 1st and 5th crown diameter class had decreased.The top ten street tree species ranking by average crown diameter range had narrowed,and the Platanus acerifolia had been the most decreased species in the 1st crown diameter class.[Conclusion]The tree species richness is increasing,but relatively sample tree species composition and higher proportion of single species are the main problems while could affect the stability of urban road vegetation ecosystem in Beijing.Therefore,the range of tree species selection should be broaden,mixed configuration with more broadleaved deciduous tree species,evergreen shrubs and herbs should be constructed.The cultivation and application of native species should be strengthened,while the high-value exotic tree species should be introduced appropriately.At the same time,we should also protect the tree crown structure to enhance the shading effect of street trees in the urban greening.
作者
谢晓阳
崔雅君
邱尔发
符庆成
Xie Xiaoyang;Cui Yajun;Qiu Erfa;Fu Qingcheng(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Urban Forest Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,100091 Beijing,China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期78-88,共11页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFF0303204)。
关键词
行道树
树种组成
重要值
冠幅
street tree
tree species composition
important value
crown diameter
