摘要
利用水下滑翔机缩比模型预报原型运动特征及滑翔经济性的前提是两者运动相似.以天津大学自主研制的PetrelⅡ水下滑翔机作为研究对象,从相似理论出发,基于动力学方程及纳维-斯托克斯(N-S)方程,推导了水下滑翔机原型与模型在运动相似时应当满足相似准则以及相似转换关系.采用计算流体动力学方法计算了不同缩比情况下水下滑翔机的升力系数及阻力系数,得到了尺度相似比与升力系数、阻力系数的关系.分析表明,在稳定滑翔状态下,水下滑翔机缩比模型与原型运动相似需要满足弗劳德准则;在该准则下,在一定的缩尺比范围内,升力系数与阻力系数的尺度效应并不明显,以尺度相似比为0.5设计缩比模型最为合适.通过水池试验获得了缩比模型在一定俯仰角下的速度、升阻比等运动参数,试验结果表明:缩比模型与原型间存在运动相似性;缩比模型在水池试验中得到的横向速度、垂向速度和升阻比与水下滑翔机原型海试结果吻合较好,相对误差满足工程误差要求.论文提出的利用水下滑翔机缩比模型对原型运动参数和滑翔经济性进行预报切实可行,可为大型水下滑翔机的设计提供实验室验证平台,对于缩短研发周期具有重要意义.
The similarity between two movements is the premise of predicting prototype movement characteristics and gliding economy using the scaled model of an underwater glider(UG).Taking the PetrelⅡUG developed by Tianjin University as the research object,and starting from the similarity theory,the kinematic similarity criterion that the prototype and model of the UG should meet are deduced based on the dynamics and Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations.The computational fluid dynamics method is used to calculate the hydrodynamic coefficients of the UG at different scales,and the relationship between the scale similarity ratio and the lift as well as drag coefficients is obtained.Theoretical analysis shows that the Froude criterion is a necessary condition for the motion similarity of the UG prototype and its scaled model.In a certain scale range,the scale effect of lift coefficient and drag coefficient is not obvious,and it is most suitable to design the scale model with 0.5 as the scale similarity ratio.The PetrelⅡUG scale model of the selected scale is tested in the pool,and motion parameters such as the speed and lift-drag ratio of the model at a certain pitch angle are obtained.The experimental results show that the motion similarity between the scaled model and its prototype is observed to exist.Results of the transverse velocity,vertical velocity and lift-drag ratio obtained from the scaled model in the tank tests are in good agreement with those of its prototype,obtained from the sea trials,and their relative errors meet the engineering error requirements.It is feasible to forecast the prototype motion parameters and gliding economy using the scaled model.The scaled model also provides a laboratory verification platform for the design of large UGs,which is of great significance to shorten the development cycle.
作者
刘玉红
冯登雪
邓仕晗
刘书赫
朱亚强
Liu Yuhong;Feng Dengxue;Deng Shihan;Liu Shuhe;Zhu Yaqiang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期119-126,共8页
Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC0311701)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51675372,51721003)。
关键词
水下滑翔机
缩比模型
相似理论
运动相似
滑翔经济性
underwater glider
scaled model
similarity theory
motion similarity
gliding economy
