摘要
苹果、梨、柑橘、香蕉等果树作物,马铃薯、甘薯、木薯等薯类作物,以及橡胶、椰子、油棕等热带经济作物,需通过植株、块根、块茎、鳞茎、种茎等繁殖体在种质圃进行种植保存,这类作物统称为“种质圃保存作物”或“圃位保存作物”。近40年以来,通过建设良好保存设施,构建规范化保存技术和实施资源复份保存,创建了种质圃作物种质资源安全保存策略。随着国家作物种质库新库的试管苗和超低温保存设施的投入使用,我国初步建成了以种质圃为主,集种质圃、试管苗库、超低温库、原生境保护点为一体的保护设施体系,为实现圃位作物种质资源多样性、完整性、安全性的保存和持续利用奠定了可靠保障。至2021年12月,我国43个国家种质圃共收集保存种质资源69,504份,隶属1,469个物种(含亚种),是世界上种质圃保存资源数量最多的国家。本文阐述了种质圃保存作物的繁殖特性,植株安全保存影响因素与技术策略,实践应用及展望等,以期对我国种质圃作物种质资源的安全保存起到促进作用。
The crops, including apple, pear, citrus, banana and other fruit tree crops, and potato, sweet potato, cassava and other tuber crops, as well as rubber, coconut, oil palm and other tropical economic crops, have to be planted through propagules such as plants, roots, tubers, bulbs and seed stems. Based on the difference on long-term conservation strategy, these species are referred “field genebank conservation crops”. In the past 40 years, through the construction of conservation facilities, technical procedures on sampling and preservation, as well as backup preservation, the strategy of safe conservation of germplasm resources in germplasm field has been created in National Field Genebanks of China. With the application of newlyestablished in vitro and cryopreservation facilities in National Crop Genebank of China, a preliminary integrated conservation system, including the National Field Genebanks as the core, in vitro genebank, cryopreservation genebank and in situ protection sites, is able to guarantee the long-term safe conservation and continuous utilization of diversified field genebank preservation crops. By December of 2021, forty-three National Field Genebanks have maintained 69,504 accessions of 1,469 species or subspecies, hosting the largest number of accessions in the world. This article reviews the reproductive characteristics of the conserved germplasm resources in National Field Genebanks of China, the factors that affect safe conservation and the corresponding strategies that address to these factors, as well as the practical applications and prospects of the conservation facilities system, in order to provide insights on safe preservation of these special germplasm resources in China.
作者
卢新雄
王力荣
辛霞
尹广鹍
张金梅
陈晓玲
何娟娟
刘运霞
LU Xin-xiong;WANG Li-rong;XIN Xia;YIN Guang-kun;ZHANG Jin-mei;CHEN Xiao-ling;HE Juan-juan;LIU Yun-xia(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期32-43,共12页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程。
关键词
作物种质资源
种质圃
保存策略
安全保存
crop germplasm resources
field genebank
conservation strategy
safe conservation
