摘要
针对裸根灌木幼苗具有根系软、乱和股头多等特点,以及已有的链夹式移栽机不能满足小行距高密度移栽要求,提出了一种可用于株距<200 mm、行距<160 mm,10行同时移栽的新型灌木幼苗移栽机械。对高密度灌木幼苗的移栽工艺研究后,设计了移栽机栽植机构、放苗机构、起垄机构、旋耕机构及悬挂系统,并进行传动系统仿真,结果表明,移栽机的传动系统达到移栽过程中设计要求。设计了一种新型开沟器,根据开沟器的实际受力特点,运用离散元技术和有限元分析技术对其进行仿真试验,结果表明,开沟器强度满足要求。对新型移栽机的物理样机进行现场移栽试验,结果表明,该移栽机能高效解决根系软、乱和股头多的裸根灌木幼苗移栽问题,并且平行排布、除草方便,适合小行距高密度移栽。幼苗植入深度(移栽深度)7~12 cm,直立度80°~90°,移栽苗成活率90%以上。
Aiming at characteristics of bare root shrub seedlings such as soft,messy roots and many strands,existing chain-clamp transplanting machine could not meet requirements of small row spacing and high-density transplanting,a new transplanting machine was proposed for shrub seedlings with plant spacing less than 200 mm, row spacing less than 160 mm, and 10 rows advancing simultaneously. After studying transplanting technology of high-density shrub seedlings, planting mechanism, seeding releasing mechanism, ridging mechanism, rotary tiller structure, and suspension system of transplanting machine were designed, and transmission system simulation was carried out. Simulation showed that transmission system of transplanting machine reached design requirements in transplanting process. A new type of furrow opener was designed,and actual stress characteristics of furrow opener,discrete element technology, and finite element analysis technology were used to simulate it. Simulation experiment showed that strength of furrow opener met strength requirements. Physical prototype of new transplanting machine was tested in the field.Experimental results showed that transplanting function effectively solved transplanting problem of bare root shrub seedlings with soft,messy roots and many branches,and it was arranged in parallel,convenient for weeding,and suitable for small row spacing and highdensity transplanting. Seedlings could be planted to a depth of 7-12 cm and have an orthostatic degree of 80°-90°. Survival rate of transplanted seedlings reached more than 90%.
作者
赵美卿
卫立新
郭凌云
ZHAO Meiqing;WEI Lixin;GUO Lingyun(Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shanxi Institute of Technology,Yangquan Shanxi 045000,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan Shanxi 030024,China)
出处
《农业工程》
2022年第10期107-113,共7页
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
基金
山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221099)
山西省研究生创新项目(2021Y695)。
关键词
高密度灌木幼苗
移栽机
小行距
开沟器
发动机特性
high-density shrub seedlings
transplanting machine
small space
ditch opener
engine characteristics
