摘要
“治世”是中国古代国家治理追求的最高形态之一。早期“治世”概念道、儒、法、墨诸家并用,后被佛教化用,最终主要成为儒家治国的理念。“治世”的内涵具有一整套理论体系,物阜民丰、户口大蕃、任用君子、德治刑措、重文备武、四夷来朝等是最主要的内涵。“治世”这一概念,还催生出了一系列衍伸内涵,并与之成体系,比如治世之音、治世之礼、治世之文、治世之诗、治世封禅、治世祥瑞。“年号加盛世”的组合概念,古人使用得极少。在典籍之中,盛世主要运用在“唐虞盛世”“三代盛世”等三代时期,“开元盛世”古人称为“开元之治”,鲜有“康乾盛世”的提法,“年号加盛世”的概念多为今人对古代国家物阜民丰状态的概括。作为概念的“盛世”运用多于“治世”可能还要到近代以后。“三代之治”与“贞观之治”是对后世影响最大的两套治世体系:前者是虚构可层累的概念,往往被学人借用为申说自身治国理想的工具;后者实际发生过,是古人艳羡与师法的对象。
Governing the world was one of the highest forms of state governance in ancient China.The early concept of “governing the world” was incorporated into Taoism,Confucianism,Legalism and Mohism.Later,it was adopted for Buddhism and finally became the Confucian concept of governing the country.The connotation of “governing the world” carries a complete set of theoretical systems.The most important connotation is that the people were rich in resources,the population was increasing,virtuous people were recruited by the government,penalty was not misused,literature was emphasized,military preparedness was adequate,and the four barbarian tribes paid tribute to the court.The concept of “governing the world” also gave birth to a series of concepts and formed a system with them,such as the music,ritual,prose,poetry,sacrifice and auspicious omen of governing the world.As a systematic concept,“governing the world” was not available in “golden ages”.Ancient people rarely used the combination of “regnal title plus golden age”.In ancient texts,“golden age” mainly appeared in the phrases “Tang Yu golden age” and “Three Dynasties gold age”.The “Kaiyuan golden age” was historically known as the “Reign of Kaiyuan” and rarely referred to as the “Kangqian golden age”.The concept of “regnal title plus golden age” is largely a summarization of the ancient country’s prosperity by modern people.As a concept,“golden age” was likely not more often used than “reign” until modern times.The “Reign of the Three Dynasties” and the “Reign of Zhenguan” are the two sets of governance systems that have the greatest impact on later generations.The former is a fictional concept that could be layered,and is often borrowed by scholars as a tool to explain their own ideals of governance,while the latter actually happened,and was the object of envy and emulation by the ancients.
作者
秦中亮
QIN Zhong-liang(College of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期150-159,共10页
Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“三到九世纪北方民族谱系研究”(20&ZD212)。
关键词
中国古代
“治世”
国家治理
ancient China
governing the world
national governance
