摘要
高锌铝合金是指含锌量为10%~45%的铝基合金,具有耐磨性好、强度硬度高和阻尼性能优异等优点,被广泛应用于滑动轴承、轴瓦等耐磨件,是锡铜合金和锌铝耐磨合金良好的替代品。高锌铝合金作为耐磨合金替代锡铜合金不仅降低了工件的生产成本,而且弥补了我国锡铜金属资源匮乏的缺憾。但是,高锌铝合金也存在尺寸稳定性差、塑性低、抗蠕变性能和耐腐蚀性差等缺点。现阶段,高锌铝合金的强韧化机制主要有以下几个方面:(1)对高锌铝合金进行合金化处理,如在Al-Zn合金中添加Cu、Si、Mn、Ti、Er、Sc、Zr等元素。首先合金元素与基体结合形成硬质颗粒可以增加合金的强度硬度;其次,合金元素在凝固过程中可以作为异质形核中心,导致晶粒尺寸减小。(2)在凝固过程中提高冷却速度,采用压铸或挤压铸造的方法可以获得较快的冷却速度。凝固过程中较快的冷却速度有利于提高形核速率,并显著细化第二相与晶粒的尺寸。(3)对高锌铝合金进行塑性变形处理,如挤压、轧制等加工工艺可以消除合金的铸造缺陷、细化晶粒、增加位错密度,从而提高高锌铝合金的强度。本文综述了近年来国内外高锌铝合金显微组织和性能的研究现状及主要存在的问题,介绍了Zn、Cu、Si、Mn、Ti、Zr、Er、Sc等合金元素对高锌铝合金组织及性能的影响,总结了变形工艺及热处理工艺对高锌铝合金组织与性能的影响,最后分析了高锌铝合金的优缺点并展望其研究方向。
High-zinc aluminum alloy which refers to an aluminum-based alloy with the content of Zn ranges from 10%to 45%,has the advantages of excellent wear-resisting performance,high strength,high hardness and excellent damping capacity.It is widely used in sliding bearings,shafts,and other wear-resistant parts.High-zinc aluminum alloy is a substitute for tin-copper alloy and zinc-aluminum alloy.As a wear-resistant alloy to replace tin-copper alloy and zinc aluminum alloy,high-zinc aluminum alloy not only reduces the cost of production but also makes up for the lack of tin-copper resources in China.However,the high-zinc aluminum alloy also has disadvantages such as low dimensional stability and plasticity,poor creep resistance and poor corrosion resistance.Nowadays,the following methods have been used to improve the mechanical properties of high-zinc aluminum alloys:(ⅰ)alloying technique has been applied in Al-Zn alloys,such as adding Cu,Si,Mn,Ti,Er,Sc,Zr and other elements.First,the hard particles formed after the alloying elements react with the matrix can increase the strength and hardness of the alloy.Secondly,alloying elements can serve as heterogeneous nucleation centers during solidification,leading to a reduction in grain size.(ⅱ)Increasing the cooling rate of solidification,such as die-casting and squeeze-casting.A high cooling rate during solidification is beneficial for increasing the rate of nucleation and results in a notable refinement in the size of grains and secondary phases.(ⅲ)Plastic deformation(such as extrusion and rolling),which can eliminate the cast defects,refine the grain size and increase the dislocation density,consequently increase the strength of Al-Zn alloys.This review offers the current status of research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-zinc aluminum alloys in recent years.On the basis of summing up the existing literature.This paper introduces the influence of alloying elements Zn,Cu,Si,Mn,Ti,Zr,Er,Sc and other elements on the microstructure and properties of high-zinc aluminum alloys,introduces the influence of the deformation process and heat treatment process on the microstructure and properties of high-zinc aluminum alloys.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-zinc aluminum alloy are analyzed and its research direction is prospected.
作者
杨东辉
唐帅
吴子彬
秦克
张海涛
崔建忠
Hiromi Nagaumi
YANG Donghui;TANG Shuai;WU Zibin;QIN Ke;ZHANG Haitao;CUI Jianzhong;Hiromi Nagaumi(Key Lab of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials,Ministry of Education,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110006,China;School of Iron and Steel,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期130-135,共6页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(U1864209)。
关键词
高锌铝合金
轴承材料
力学性能
加工工艺
high-zinc aluminium alloy
bearing material
mechanical property
process technology
