摘要
拜登执政以来,美国贸易政策安全化进一步显性化,贸易安全化甚至替代贸易自由化成为美国贸易政策的核心内容,以服务于其整体国家安全战略。美国贸易安全化转型的深层原因,是其主导形成的世界贸易体系已经不能保障其实现霸权利益,反而使其在国内外面临的结构性问题更加突出。因此,美国需要打破现有国际贸易秩序的制约,重构国内经济体系和世界贸易体系以重新整固美国霸权利益,而贸易安全化就成为其实现这一目标的战略选择。美国重构世界贸易体系的逻辑已经从经济逻辑转向安全逻辑。在实施路径上,美国在国内外推动形成了对华战略竞争统一战线,对中国强化进攻性的单边主义政策,对盟友重启排他性的多边主义政策。美国的贸易政策安全化使全球贸易体系进入了一个失序的时代,中美在先进技术和关键供应链领域的脱钩已经不可避免,世界可能形成“等级化”的市场和规则体系。
Since Biden took office,securitization of U.S.trade policy has become more explicit,and trade securitization,instead of trade liberalization,has become the core content of the U.S.trade policy,serving its overall national security strategy.The deep-seated reason for the transition of the U.S.trade policy toward trade securitization is that the world trading system led by the U.S.can no longer guarantee its hegemonic interests of today.Even worse,the world trading system has made its structural problems,both domestically and abroad,more prominent.Therefore,the U.S.needs to break off from the constraints of the existing international trade order and reconstruct both domestic economic system and world trading system to re-solidify its hegemonic interests.To achieve this goal,trade securitization falls within its strategic choice,signaling that the U.S.has shifted from economic logic to security logic in restructuring the world trading system.In terms of implementation paths,the U.S.has endeavored to form a united front for strategic competition with China at both home and abroad,continuously reinforce aggressive unilateralist policy practices against China,and restart and strengthen alliances with exclusive multilateralist policy practices.The practice of trade securitization on the U.S.side has brought the global trading system into an era of disorder.The decoupling of advanced technologies and critical supply chains between China and the U.S.has become inevitable.The world may be shaped into“hierarchical”markets and rule systems.
出处
《外交评论（外交学院学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期22-47,I0002,共27页
Foreign Affairs Review
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“国际经贸规则重构方向研究”(项目编号:20AJL008)的研究成果。
关键词
美国贸易政策安全化
自由贸易
公平贸易
世界贸易体系
中美关系
securitization of the U.S.trade policy
free trade
fair trade
world trading system
Sino-US relations
