摘要
目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)疫情流行后采取防控措施对北京市报告的法定传染病中的主要呼吸道传染病的报告发病情况及时空聚集性的影响。方法选取2019年1月18日-2021年1月18日报告的法定传染病中的呼吸道传染病病例,根据新冠肺炎病例报告时间对数据进行分组,采用描述性流行病方法分析在新冠肺炎病例报告前后呼吸道病例的变化,采用回顾性时空扫描分析,探索新冠肺炎疫情前后病例的时空分布的变化特征。结果新冠肺炎疫情流行后,法定传染病中报告的呼吸道传染病报告发病率下降显著,其中以流感和猩红热的报告发病率下降明显(P均<0.001),分别下降了94.27%和94.24%。时空扫描分析发现,流感和猩红热等主要呼吸道传染病聚集区在新冠肺炎疫情暴发后明显减少。疫情前后肺结核最易发生聚集的区均为朝阳(RR=1.59,P<0.001)和通州区(RR=1.55,P<0.001);流感最易出现聚集区在新冠肺炎疫情前主要集中在中心城区往东北方向蔓延(RR=87.82,P<0.001),疫情发生后聚集范围显著缩小,主要集中在东城、西城、朝阳、海淀和丰台区(RR=58.57,P<0.001);猩红热在疫情前最易发生聚集的区主要集中在中心城区往西南方向蔓延(RR=2.51,P<0.001),疫情后聚集区缩小,集中在东城、西城和丰台区(RR=4.52,P<0.001)。结论针对新冠肺炎疫情所采取的一系列防控措施可有效减少流感和猩红热发病及时空聚集的发生。为主要的呼吸道传染病的预防控制提供参考依据。但对肺结核的发病和聚集的影响不大,应进一步观察和研究新冠肺炎疫情对肺结核流行、诊断和管理等方面的中长期影响。
Objective To analyze the influence of prevention and control measures taken after COVID-19 epidemic on the reported incidence and spatio-temporal aggregation of the main respiratory infectious diseases reported in Beijing.Methods The cases of respiratory infectious diseases among the legal infectious diseases reported from January 1,2019 to January 18,2021 were selected,and the data were divided into groups according to the reporting time of COVID-19 cases.The descriptive epidemic method was used to analyze the changes of respiratory infectious disease cases before and after COVID-19’s report.Retrospective spatio-temporal scanning analysis was used to explore the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of cases before and after COVID-19 epidemic.Results After the epidemic of COVID-19,the reported incidence of respiratory infectious diseases reported in legal infectious diseases decreased significantly,of which the reported incidence of influenza and scarlet fever decreased significantly(P<0.001),decreased by 94.27%and 94.24%,respectively.Spatio-temporal scanning analysis showed that the concentration districts of major respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza and scarlet fever decreased significantly.Before and after the epidemic of COVID-19,the districts most prone to pulmonary tuberculosis accumulation were Chaoyang(RR=1.59,P<0.001)and Tongzhou district(RR=1.55,P<0.001).The districts where influenza was most likely to gather were mainly concentrated in the northeastward direction of the central urban districts before the COVID-19 epidemic(RR=87.82,P<0.001),and after the epidemic,the scope of clustering has been significantly reduced,mainly concentrated in the districts of Dongcheng,Xicheng,Chaoyang,Haidian and Fengtai(RR=58.57,P<0.001).The districts where scarlet fever was most likely to gather mainly spread to the southwest from the central urban districts before the epidemic(RR=2.51,P<0.001).After the epidemic,the gathering districts shrank and concentrated in the district of Dongcheng,Xicheng and Fengtai(RR=4.52,P<0.001).Conclusions A series of prevention and control measures taken against COVID-19 can effectively reduce influenza and scarlet fever and the occurrence of space-time aggregation,which provides a reference for the prevention and control of major respiratory infectious diseases.However,it has little effect on the incidence and accumulation of pulmonary tuberculosis,so the medium-and long-term effects of COVID-19 epidemic situation on the prevalence,diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis should be further observed and studied.
作者
刘洋
高燕琳
史芸萍
王超
虎霄
周滢
李刚
LIU Yang;GAO Yan-lin;SHI Yun-ping;WANG Chao;HU Xiao;ZHOU Ying;LI Gang(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Academy of Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2022年第6期354-358,共5页
Capital Journal of Public Health
关键词
呼吸道传染病
新型冠状病毒肺炎
发病变化
时空聚集分析
Respiratory infectious diseases
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)
Disease change
Spatial-temporal aggregation analysis
