摘要
中国企业生产与性别收入分配的格局正在发生深刻变化。零工就业意味着雇佣的非正式化与收入的不稳定化,女性被大量吸纳进入零工经济的同时,参与劳动力市场和家庭的方式也发生转变,性别工资差距可能随之变化。理论分析表明,在市场领域,非正式雇佣加深了劳动后备军对工资的挤压效应,女性作为劳动力“蓄水池”,收入下降效应更为明显;在家庭领域,不稳定收入加深了劳动者的自我规训,家务劳动时间分配不均使收入差距进一步扩张。在上述两种效应下,零工经济中的性别工资差距将大于非零工经济。基于微观调查数据的经验研究结果验证了上述理论推演。劳动者“灵活性”和“安全性”的综合指标表明,只有建立灵活安全的劳动力市场机制,重视弱势群体的就业保护,才能真正推动零工经济成为“稳就业、保增长”的中坚力量。
Pattern of firm’s production and gender income distribution in China is undergoing profound changes.Gig economy brings about the informalization of employment and the instability of income.While a large number of women have been absorbed into gig economy, the way they participate in the labor market and in the family has also changed, and the gender wage gap may also change.Theoretical analysis shows that, in the market field, informal employment deepens the squeeze effect of the labor reserve army on wages, and women as a “reservoir”,have a more obvious squeeze effect;in the household field, unstable income deepens the self-discipline of workers, work-family balance is difficult to achieve, and the uneven distribution of housework and labor time has further expanded the income gap.Under the above two effects, the gender wage gap in the gig economy is significantly larger than that in the non-gig economy.The empirical research results based on the national micro-survey data verify the conclusions drawn from the above theoretical deductions.By constructing comprehensive indicators of “flexibility” and “security”,the article points out that it is necessary to establish a flexicurity labor market mechanism, attach importance to the employment protection of disadvantaged groups, promote the gig economy to become the backbone of “stabilizing employment and ensuring growth”.
作者
谢富胜
江楠
匡晓璐
XIE Fusheng;JIANG Nan;KUANG Xiaolu(School of Economics,Renmin University of China;National Research Center for Political Economy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,Renmin University of China)
出处
《经济理论与经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第11期10-25,共16页
Economic Theory and Business Management
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系研究”(21&ZD070)的阶段性成果
中国人民大学2022年度“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”支持。
