摘要
角鲨烯是一种具有全反式异戊二烯结构的生物活性物质,自然界中分布广泛,在食品、医药、化妆品等领域的应用较多。为了进一步开发和利用角鲨烯资源,为其研究和应用提供参考,综述了角鲨烯的来源、提取及功能特性,比较了动物、微生物和植物来源的角鲨烯的优劣势,对比了提取纯化的方法,并对其功能特性及作用机制进行了探讨。植物油及其加工副产物、中药材、茶叶等角鲨烯含量较高。液-液萃取、超临界流体萃取、固相萃取等新型的提取纯化方法在提取时间、分离效果、环保等方面具有明显优势。角鲨烯在调节免疫力、促进心血管健康、抗癌、抗菌等方面具有一定的功能特性,其作用机制有待深入研究。角鲨烯资源丰富,应用前景广阔,对其提取及功能特性的探讨有利于为其开发利用提供参考。
Squalene is a biologically active and naturally occurring substance with an all-trans isoprene structure, and it is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields. A growing market for squalene requires in-depth research, including the development and utilization of squalene resources, ensuring the quantity and quality of squalene sources, and making the functional properties of squalene reasonable and more highly utilized. This paper reviews the source, extraction and functional properties of squalene, compares the advantages and disadvantages of animal, microorganism and plant source, as well as the main extraction and purification methods, and discusses the research progress on the functional properties of squalene. It has been found that the content of squalene in vegetable oils and their processing by-products, Chinese medicinal materials, tea, and other plants have high levels and are currently safe and efficient sources of squalene. In particular, the content of squalene in old tea leaves of tea is comparable to or even greater than that in olive and amaranth oils. The mainstream extraction and purification methods of squalene are summarized and compared, and it is found that the new extraction and purification methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and solid-phase extraction, have clear advantages in terms of extraction time, separation effect and environmental protection. Other extraction methods such as magnetic nanoparticles, microwave, ultrasonic assisted, and silver ion complexation can be used as complementary to these. It is worth mentioning that the current extraction methods of squalene are difficult to apply in industry. However, processing models can be used to reduce difficulties in industrial separation and purification. In addition, this review discusses the nutritional function and role of squalene in regulatory mechanisms, further illustrates its potential applications in regulating the immune system, promoting cardiovascular health, and inhibiting cancer and bacteria, which will provide new ideas for optimizing the separation and purification of squalene.
作者
李跃凡
王媛媛
马改琴
李琪
于修烛
LI Yuefan;WANG Yuanyuan;MA Gaiqin;LI Qi;YU Xiuzhu(Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province,College of Food Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)
出处
《河南工业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第6期19-29,共11页
Journal of Henan University of Technology：Natural Science Edition
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002403)。
关键词
角鲨烯
提取
纯化
营养功能
squalene
extraction
purification
nutritional function
