摘要
针对导电材料填充纤维素复合纤维的强度与导电性能难以兼顾的问题,利用羧基改性碳纳米管能较好地分散在水中,以及低温(-10℃)条件下氢氧化钠/尿素溶液能较好地溶解纤维素这个特性,制备了纤维素/碳纳米管复合纺丝液,然后通过湿法纺丝制备了含有不同质量分数碳纳米管的复合纤维,对复合纤维的微观结构、力学性能以及电学性能进行表征。结果表明:由于纤维素与碳纳米管之间的强相互作用以及碳纳米管的取向,使复合纤维具有良好的力学性能和导电性能,当碳纳米管质量分数为20%时,复合纤维的断裂强度为165 MPa,电阻为3 kΩ;当电压升高到30 V时,复合纤维的温度在15 s内可上升到62.3℃,且吹气和浸入水中都能产生规律的电阻变化。
Objective Although cellulose fiber has advantages in high moisture absorption,good wearing comfort and low cost,its applications are limited due to its singular function and poor mechanical properties.The introduction of functional materials to give cellulose good electrical conductivity is significant to expand its applications.This research worked to disperse carboxyl-modified carbon nanotubes(CNT)evenly in the cellulose spinning dope so as to achieve high strength and good electrical conductivity of the modified cellulose fibers.Method In the experiment,carboxyl-modified CNT was dispersed well in sodium hydroxide/urea solution,which can dissolve cellulose at a low temperature(-10℃).The composite fibers with different CNT contents(mass fractions of 5%,10%,15%,and 20%)were prepared by a laboratory wet spinning device.Meanwhile,the microstructure,mechanical properties and electrical properties of the composite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffractometer,infrared spectrometer,mechanical property tests,and multimeter.Results When the composite fibers were prepared by wet spinning,CNT maintained directional alignment because of the powerful shearing effect,which effectively improved the performance of the fiber.The surface of the cellulose fiber was smooth,while CNT was uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the composite fiber.It can be seen from the cross-sectional structure that the obtained fibers were dense when a large amount of CNT was encapsulated in the cellulose matrix to form a composite structure(Fig.4).In addition,the XRD and FT-IR spectra(Fig.5,Fig.6)indicated that hydrogen bonding interactions formed linkage between the CNT and cellulose molecular chains.The oriented structure of CNT and the hydrogen bonding interaction with the cellulose molecular chains benefited the composite fiber′s mechanical properties.The stress-strain curves of the composite fibers with cellulose/CNT(C/CNT)show that the addition of CNT significantly improved the strength and stiffness of the composite fibers(Fig.7).The breaking strength was 165 MPa when the mass fraction of CNT was 20%,representing an improvement compared to the pure cellulose fiber.In addition,the composite fiber demonstrated electrical resistance of 100,3 kΩwhen the mass fraction of CNT was 10%,20%.Based on cellulose′s moisture-absorbing and swelling properties,the composite fiber was further applied to the field of humidity sensing.The composite fiber exhibits excellent humidity sensitivity at room temperature,both air blowing and water immersion of the fiber resulted in detectable resistance changes(Fig.8).The electrothermal performance test revealed that the C/CNT composite fiber with a 20%CNT mass fraction exhibited excellent electrical heating performance.The temperature of the specimen rose to 62.3℃within 15 s when the voltage was increased to 30 V(Fig.9).Conclusion A homogeneous and stable spinning solution was prepared by virtue of the fact that carbon nanotubes can be well dissolved in sodium hydroxide/urea.The C/CNT composite fibers were prepared by wet spinning.Compared with the original cellulose fiber,the good dispersion and the enhanced interface provided the composite fiber with superior mechanical properties.Combined with the scalability of the wet spinning process and the versatility of flexible conductive fibers,the related work reported in this paper provides a reference for the development and design of lightweight and flexible sensing fabrics in wearable electronics.
作者
蒲海红
贺芃鑫
宋柏青
赵丁莹
李欣峰
张天一
马建华
PU Haihong;HE Pengxin;SONG Baiqing;ZHAO Dingying;LI Xinfeng;ZHANG Tianyi;MA Jianhua(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710048,China;Shaoxing Keqiao West-Tex Textile Industry Innovative Institute,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312030,China)
出处
《纺织学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期79-86,共8页
Journal of Textile Research
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51903198)
陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(20JY025)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(S2022-YF-YBNY-0187)
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020TD-010)
中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性计划项目(2021007)
西安工程大学柯桥纺织产业创新研究院产学研协同创新项目(19KQZD13)。
关键词
纤维素
碳纳米管
湿法纺丝
功能纤维
复合纤维
湿度传感
智能纺织品
cellulose
carbon nanotube
wet spinning
functional fiber
composite fiber
humidity sensing
smart textile
