摘要
为研究陕西省旬邑县西头遗址上庙墓地出土的西周早期铜泡和铜镜上的三处纺织遗痕P1﹑J1和J2,使用红外光谱仪﹑三维视频显微系统和扫描电子显微镜对其进行了结构分析和种类鉴别。从红外吸收光谱图中发现这三处遗痕都存在纤维素与木质素中的CH2弯曲振动产生的1434 cm^(-1)波数附近、纤维素中葡萄糖环中C—O醚键伸缩振动产生的1080和1033 cm^(-1)波数附近的强峰;在1645~1610 cm^(-1)区域内出现吸收峰,该峰代表的是木质素中共轭羰基和CC的伸缩振动;且J1﹑J2在纤维素中β-D-葡萄糖苷键的特征吸收振动谱带898 cm^(-1)波数附近存在强峰;这些特征峰都与天然麻类纤维的红外吸收光谱图吻合,可推测这三处纺织遗痕为麻类纺织品。显微观察发现其纤维表面较为粗糙,径向呈圆筒状或扁平的袋状,截面呈三角形和椭圆形,与麻类中的大麻显微结构相似,故推测其为大麻制品。测量其纺织密度可知,铜泡上的纺织品较为细密为23×25根·cm^(-2);铜镜上的纺织品较为疏松,分别为13×6和13×14根·cm^(-2)。使用独立样本T检验发现,三处纺织品的经纬线直径数据存在显著性差异,应是区别使用经纬线纺织而成的。根据以上分析结果得出由于墓葬规格的差异,铜泡上纺织物比铜镜更细密,且铜镜上两种纺织品编织密度差异较大,根据其附着的不同位置可推测铜镜上的纺织物J2为包裹物,J1为在埋藏时垫衬在铜镜下方的纺织物,且铜镜在下葬时正面朝下放置。从出土物可知,在商周时期已经能利用大麻作物进行纺织,并且纺织水平发展成熟;铜离子的抑菌作用使墓葬中的纺织品保存至今,这得益于古人使用纺织物包裹青铜器埋葬的习惯。
In order to study the three textiles P1,J1 and J2 on the bronze blister and the bronze mirror from the early Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed from the shangmiao cemeteries of Xitou site,Xunyi County,Shaanxi Province,the structures of textiles were analyzed by Infrared Spectrometer,Three-dimensional Video Microscope System and Scanning Electron Microscope.It is found that there are obvious peaks near 1434 cm^(-1)due to the bending vibration of CH2in cellulose and lignin;1080 and 1033 cm^(-1),due to the stretching vibration of C—O ether bond in glucose ring in cellulose;J1 and J2 show a peak near the wave number of 898 cm^(-1),which is the characteristic absorption vibration band of D-glucoside bond.A peak appears in the region of 1645~1610 cm^(-1),which is the overlapping absorption peak of conjugated carbonyl and the CC stretching vibration of lignin.These characteristic peaks are consistent with the infrared absorption spectra of hemp fibers,so it can be inferred that the three textile traces are hemp textiles.The observation shows that the surface of these fibers is rough,their radial shape is cylindrical and flat,and the cross-section is triangular and oval,similar to hemp.It is suggested that they are hemp products.The textile density on the bronze blister is 23×25 pieces·cm^(-2),the fabric of bronze mirror is loose,which are 13×6 pieces·cm^(-2)and 13 pieces·cm^(-2)×14 pieces·cm^(-2).It is found that there are significant differences in the warp and weft diameter data of these three textiles,which should be the result of different use of warp and weft.According to the above analysis results,due to the differences in tomb specification,the fabric on the bronze blister is finer than that on the mirror,and the weaving density of the two kinds of fabrics on the mirror is quite different.According to the location of their attachment,it can be inferred that J2 is for wrapping,J1 is for padding during burial,and the mirror is placed face down during burial.During the Shang and Zhou dynasties,hemp crops were widely used by the people who belonged to the cemetery,and the textile level was mature;At the same time,it is precise because of the attachment of these textiles to bronze that the antibacterial effect of copper ions and the custom of wrapping bronzes with textiles enable them to be preserved so far.
作者
葛若晨
杨璐
豆海锋
李昱珩
刘威
GE Ruo-chen;YANG Lu;DOU Hai-feng;LI Yu-heng;LIU Wei(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China)
出处
《光谱学与光谱分析》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期503-507,共5页
Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1520700)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLSF07-05)
陕西省社会科学基金项目(2021G009)
陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(21JY042)资助。
