摘要
随着医学史研究议题的不断丰富,作为历史“边缘”人物的女医群体也逐渐受到学者重视。通过分析相关研究成果,发现学界对古代女医与近代女医在研究视角与方法上各有偏重。古代女医一方面被社会史或性别史学者置于更广泛的社会生活史中,展现其医学经验来源的社会因素、医事制度、与正统医学的博弈以及与病患之间的互动关系;另一方面《女医杂言》等医学著作被中医界学者留意,其所探讨的医学知识、方药理论,大体上不脱离中医学术史的范畴。而近代女医研究则集中在公民意识觉醒、女权运动、西学东渐等历史背景下的医学教育、医疗政策、媒介、家庭与职业关系等方面。古代女医与近代女医的研究成果因时期的封闭性鲜有融通之作,女医现代化转型、近代女医医学思想等议题仍值得进一步讨论,并应注重性别理论的借鉴与史料多样性的开拓。
With the enriching research issues for medical history, the female doctors, once deemed as marginal figures in history, have obtained increasing attention by scholars. In recent decades, the research perspectives and methods of ancient and modern female doctors have shown two completely different aspects in academic circles. On the one hand,ancient female doctors were placed in a broader social life history by scholars of social history/gender history, to reveal the source of their medical experience in terms of social factors, the medical system, their competition with orthodox doctors, and their interaction with patients;on the other hand, female doctors’ works such as “Women Doctors’ Medical Notes” have been paid attention to by the Chinese medicine community. And the discussion of medical knowledge and prescription theory in those works generally lies within the scope of the academic history of Chinese medicine. While, the research topics involving female doctors in modern times focus on aspects such as women’s medical education, medical policies, media, marriage and occupational environment under the historical background of the awakening of civic consciousness, the feminist movement, and the eastward spread of Western sciences. Although there have been many productive researches on ancient and modern female doctors, due to the closed nature of the period limit, few works have incorporated both domains. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the transition of Chinese female doctors from “traditional” to “modern” roles and the medical thoughts of modern female doctors, with emphasis on theoretical reference of gender theories and historical data diversity.
作者
黄天骄
HUANG Tianjiao(School of Chinese Classics,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《中医药文化》
2023年第1期75-85,共11页
Chinese Medical Culture
关键词
女医
医学人物
性别史
医疗史
Female Doctors
Medical Figures
Gender History
Medical History
