摘要
探明华北地区作物灌溉需求规律及主控因素是合理制定水资源规划,缓解该区地下水超采的重要依据。本文基于华北60个气象站近50年(1971—2020年)逐日气象资料,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算作物需水量,并分析降水对主要粮食作物(冬小麦和夏玉米)灌溉需求时空特征的影响。结果表明:在降水丰水年(25%),冬小麦作物灌溉需求指数IRI以0.50~0.75区间的高度灌溉需求分布区为主,夏玉米则以0.25~0.50区间的中度灌溉需求分布区为主,分布面积比率分别为研究区的92%、86%;在平水年(50%),冬小麦IRI以大于0.75的极高灌溉需求分布区为主,分布面积比率占56%,夏玉米仍以0.25~0.50的中度灌溉需求分布区为主,但分布面积比率扩大至100%;在枯水年(75%),冬小麦极高灌溉需求分布面积比率增大至97%,夏玉米则以0.50~0.75的高度灌溉需求分布区为主。降水量是影响IRI的主控因素,随降水量的增大,不同区位IRI均呈直线下降趋势,但对降水量变化的敏感性存在较大差异,其中,冬小麦以燕山山前平原、太行山前-冀中平原、中部-冀中平原和滨海平原最为敏感,降水量每增大100 mm,IRI降低0.14,夏玉米则以中部-冀中平原最为敏感,降水量每增大100 mm,IRI降低0.26。不同区位冬小麦和夏玉米IRI均服从正态分布,但随降水量变化,分布参数变化明显。
Finding out the laws of crop irrigation demand and the main control factors in North China Plain(NCP)is an important basis for rationally formulating water resources planning and alleviating groundwater overexploitation.Based on the daily meteorological data of 60 weather stations in the past 50 years,the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO was used to calculate crop water demand,and the impact of precipitation on the spatiotemporal characteristics of irrigation demand of winter wheat and summer maize as the main grain crops was analyzed.The results showed that at the years with abundant precipitation(25%),the distribution of the irrigation water demand index IRIfor winter wheat in NCP was mainly in the high irrigation demand with IRIfrom 0.50 to 0.75,and that of summer maize was mainly in medium irrigation demand with IRIof 0.25~0.50,accounting for 92%and 86%of the NCP respectively.At the years with normal precipitation(50%),the IRIfor winter wheat and summer maize was mainly in the range of above 0.75 and 0.25~0.50,accounting for 56%and 100%of the NCP respectively.At the years with low precipitation(75%),the IRIwas mainly in extremely high irrigation demand for winter wheat,accounting for 97%of the NCP,and in high irrigation demand for summer maize.Precipitation was the main factor affecting IRI.With the increase of precipitation,the IRIshowed a linear downward trend,but there were significant differences in sensitivity to precipitation changes for different locations of the NCP.For winter wheat,most sensitive regions were Yanshan piedmont plain,Taihang piedmont-Jizhong plain,Central-Jizhong plain and Coastal plain,and for every 100 mm increases in precipitation,the IRIwas decreased by 0.14,while summer maize was in the Middle-Jizhong plain,and for every 100 mm increases in precipitation,the IRIwas decreased by 0.26.The IRIof winter wheat and summer maize all obeyed normal distribution,but with the change of precipitation,the distribution parameters were changed obviously.
作者
王电龙
冯慧敏
张宝忠
魏征
杜旭婷
WANG Dianlong;FENG Huimin;ZHANG Baozhong;WEI Zheng;DU Xuting(Department of Safety and Environmental Engineering,Taiyuan Institute of Technology,Taiyuan 030012,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Collge of Urban and Rural Construction,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期296-305,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41702263、52130906)
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L559)
太原工业学院青年(后备)学科带头人支持计划项目(202104)
山西省水利科学技术研究与推广项目(2022GM020、2021LS010)。
关键词
降水
灌溉需求指数
概率分析
粮食作物
华北平原
precipitation
irrigation demand index
probability analysis
crop
North China Plain
