摘要
为找到可以最大程度消纳沼液,维持土壤质量,减少硝态氮淋失以及对小白菜产量影响的灌溉方案,采用盆栽试验,研究不同土壤水基质势(SMP)-30 kPa(A)和-10 kPa(B)和不同单次灌溉量10 mm(10)、15mm(15)、20 mm(20)、30 mm(30)、40 mm(40)滴灌对土壤盐分、无机氮、pH、硝酸盐淋失量和小白菜产量的影响;沼液灌溉持续约1个月,后期为清水灌溉。结果表明,沼液灌溉总量以B30最高,其次为A40和B40。-30kPa条件下滴灌EC=3.4 dS/m的沼液会增加土壤盐分,土壤溶液EC与土壤水分呈线性正相关,清水灌溉后20 cm以上土层的EC值下降迅速,深层土壤则有较长的延滞期;试验结束后各处理土壤EC_(e)(饱和泥浆提取液电导率)均低于试验前水平,其中SMP为-10 kPa时,在0~20 cm土层EC_(e)随单次灌溉量的增加而降低,20~40 cm土层EC_(e)在单次灌溉量20 mm时最高,30 mm时最低。土壤pH前后变化幅度不大。-10 kPa处理与-30 kPa相比,0~20 cm土层硝态氮含量高176%,20~40 cm土层铵态氮含量增加35%,小白菜产量提高12.7%。SMP为-30 kPa时,硝酸盐淋失量随单次灌溉量的增加而升高,且-30 kPa阈值的硝酸盐淋失量比-10 kPa的低73.3%。主成分分析后,B20、B10处理的土壤状况最好,B15、B20处理在增加沼液消纳量、保持土壤健康、减少硝态氮淋失以及对小白菜产量影响等方面的综合效果最优。
In order to find an irrigation scheme that can increase the application amount of biogas slurry,maintain soil quality,reduce nitrate-nitrogen leaching,and relieve negative effect on the yield of Brassica chinensis L when drip irrigation with the biogas slurry,a pot experiment with 2 soil matric potential thresholds(SMP)of -30 kPa(A)and -10 kPa(B)and 5 drip-irrigation rates of 10 mm(10),15 mm(15),20 mm(20),30 mm(30),and 40 mm(40)was conducted to investigate their effects on soil salinity,inorganic nitrogen,pH,nitrate leaching,and yield of cabbage.The biogas slurry irrigation lasted for about 1 month and was followed by freshwater irrigation.The results showed that the total application amount of biogas slurry was highest at B30,followed by A40 and B40.Drip irrigation of biogas slurry solution with EC=3.4 dS/m at -30 kPa increased soil salinity,and soil solution EC was linearly and positively correlated with soil moisture,and the solution EC decreased rapidly in soils above 20 cm after freshwater irrigation,while deeper soils had a longer delay period.The EC_(e)(electrical conductivity of soil saturated extract)of the soils in all treatments was lower than the pre-test level at the end of the experiment,where the EC_(e) decreased with increasing irrigation rate in the 0~20 cm soil layer when the SMP was -10 kPa,and the EC_(e) in the 20~40 cm soil layer was highest at an irrigation rate of 20 mm and lowest at 30 mm.During the study period,soil pH changed slightly.-10 kPa treatment showed 176% higher nitrate nitrogen content in 0~20 cm soil layer and 35% higher ammonium nitrogen content in 20~40 cm soil layer compared to -30 kPa,and 12.7% higher yield of cabbage.Nitrate leaching increased with the increase of irrigation rate when SMP was -30 kPa,and nitrate leaching at the-30 kPa threshold was 73.3% lower than that of -10 kPa.After principal component analysis,it can be concluded that B20 and B10 treatments had the best soil condition,and B15 and B20 treatments had the best combined effect in terms of increasing biogas slurry consumption,maintaining soil health,reducing nitrate nitrogen leaching,and relieving negative effect on the cabbage yield.
作者
周扬
李娜
奚辉
陈喜靖
沈阿林
ZHOU Yang;LI Na;XI Hui;CHEN Xi-Jing;SHEN A-lin(College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Environment,Resource,Soil and Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2023年第2期1-11,共11页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
浙江省自然科学基金探索项目(Q21E090012)
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52009124)。
关键词
沼液灌溉量
土壤水基质势
无机氮
土壤盐分
土壤pH
淋失硝态氮
小白菜
biogas slurry irrigation amount
soil matric potential
inorganic nitrogen
soil salinity
soil pH
leaching nitrate
Brassica chinensis L
