摘要
目的:分析百白破疫苗接种后常见不良反应及预防措施。方法:选取徐州市铜山区中医院2020年1月-2022年6月收治的百白破疫苗接种后出现不良反应的58例患者作为研究对象,统计百白破疫苗接种后常见不良反应以及引发原因,分析可行的预防干预方案。结果:3 215例百白破疫苗接种小儿中,发生不良反应58例,占比1.81%,其中以局部反应(主要为接种部位)占比最高(44.83%),全身性反应次之(31.03%),循环及呼吸系统不良反应发生率相对较低。百白破疫苗接种后不良反应多发于接种后当日,且随接种剂次的增加,不良反应发生率升高。导致小儿接种百白破不良反应发生的危险因素主要为疫苗性质、小儿个体因素、接种方法、接种时间不合理,占比分别为37.93%、18.96%、15.52%、12.07%。结论:百白破疫苗接种后可能引发局部反应、全身性反应以及消化系统、循环系统、呼吸系统等不良反应,且多发于接种当日;随着接种剂次增加,不良反应发生率随之升高。在小儿百白破接种期间需详细询问小儿既往接种史,严格遵循接种流程接种,并在接种当日注意观察小儿情况,指导小儿充分休息,预防百白破接种后不良反应的发生。
Objective:To analyze the common adverse reactions and preventive measures after DPT vaccination.Methods:A total of 58 patients with adverse reactions after DPT vaccination in Xuzhou Tongshan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The common adverse reactions after DPT vaccination and their causes were counted,and the feasible prevention intervention schemes were analyzed.Results:Among 3215 children with DPT vaccination,58 cases had adverse reactions,accounting for 1.81%.Among them,local reactions(mainly vaccination site)accounted for the highest proportion(44.83%),followed by systemic reactions(31.03%),while the incidence of adverse reactions in the circulatory and respiratory systems was relatively low.Adverse reactions after DPT vaccination mostly occurred on the day of vaccination,and the incidence of adverse reactions increased with the increase of vaccination injections.The risk factors leading to adverse reactions of DPT in children were mainly the nature of the vaccine,individual factors of children,vaccination methods and unreasonable vaccination time,accounting for 37.93%,18.96%,15.52%and 12.07%respectively.Conclusion:DPT vaccination may cause local reactions,systemic reactions,as well as digestive system,circulatory system,respiratory system reactions,and most of them occur on the day of vaccination;with the increase of vaccination injections,the incidence of adverse reactions increases accordingly.During the vaccination of DPT in children,it is necessary to inquire the children’s previous vaccination history in detail,strictly follow the vaccination process,observe the children’s status on the day of vaccination,and guide the children to have sufficient rest,so as to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions after DPT vaccination.
作者
张吉玲
Zhang Ji-ling(Prevention and Protection Station of Xuzhou Tongshan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xuzhou 221100,Jiangsu Province,China)
出处
《中国社区医师》
2023年第1期127-129,共3页
Chinese Community Doctors
关键词
百白破
疫苗接种
不良反应
预防措施
DPT
Vaccination
Adverse reactions
Preventive measure
