摘要
采用PMC模型构建和文本挖掘的方法,选取8项2016—2020年节水政策作为研究样本,在成熟PMC模型的基础上,构建包含10个一级变量和45个二级变量的充分体现节水政策特点的评估体系,采用文本挖掘的方式提取政策中的关键词,对由节水评估体系所形成的投入产出表进行赋值计算,根据PMC指数和曲面图发现政策优劣特点。通过对“十三五”这一距离当下最近的一个完整规划周期内具有代表性的节水政策所开展的评估,总结节水经验、实施进展与存在的问题,以期对下一阶段的节水工作提供指导,从而面对我国已经出现的水资源利用新局面。对样本政策的分析结果如下:8项政策的PMC指数平均值为7.3,整体优秀,单项政策中5项指数在7分以上为优秀,3项在6分以上为可接受,表明我国节水政策整体设计合理,但还存在政策效力不足、激励约束措施不丰富、节水客体有限、政策性质不足、视角单一、工具使用不平衡、区域特色体现不充分等问题。最后提出以下优化建议:多视角出发规划我国节水方案,提升政策质量;丰富激励与约束措施,综合考虑政府补贴、资金投入、技术支持、税收优惠等激励手段;鼓励更多力量参与节水工作;增添需求型政策工具,拉动节水产业发展;增强政策区域特色等。经过上述评估为“十三五”节水政策进行总结,为后续节水工作开展提供参考。
This paper selects 8 pieces of 2016 to 2020 policy samples to establish a PMC model, which is employed to construct an evaluation system of water-saving policies on 10 tier 1 variables and 45 tier 2 variables. Text extraction is used to select the key words in the policies, and inputs & outputs from water-saving evaluation system are given values. PMC indicators and curves are employed to discover the pros and cons of policies. Representative water-saving policies in “the 13thfive-year plan” are evaluated to summarize water-saving experience, execution progress and issues aiming at providing references for further water-saving management, and at facing new water resource situation in China. 8 pieces of policies have an average PMC indicator at 7.3, generally at the level of excellence. Five indicators in single policy which are above 7 are at the level of excellence, and at the level of acceptance if three above 6, suggesting an overall appropriate water-saving policies design in China, but along with issues in insufficient policy effectiveness, lacks of stimulating approaches, limited water saving, single viewing angle, imbalanced tool usage, and inadequate regional features. This paper presents suggestions on planning China’s water-saving policies under multiple perspectives to increase policy quality, on increasing encouraging and constraining approaches, including governmental allowance, capital investment, technical supports, preferential taxation, welcoming more participants in saving water, adding on-demand policy tools, pushing water-saving industrial development and intensifying policy’s regional features. This summary presents reference for further water-saving work.
作者
刘戎
吴秋昊
LIU Rong;WU Qiuhao(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)
出处
《资源与产业》
2023年第1期40-50,共11页
Resources & Industries
