摘要
随着全球进入大发展、大变革的新时代,国家/地区间科研合作环境发生剧烈变化,全球科研合作既面临历史性机遇,也遭遇重大挑战。因此,探究全球科研合作网络的动态演化及其驱动机制,对于研判全球科技竞合态势至关重要。本文采用科睿唯安的InCites数据库所收录的2000—2019年国家/地区间科研合作数据,基于“点—线—网”的分析框架和动态的研究视角,刻画了全球科研合作网络的节点位置、双边关系和网络结构3个方面的演化动态,揭示了网络演化的综合驱动机制及其不同发育阶段驱动力重要性的变化。研究发现:①节点位置上,传统科学强国的度中心性排名始终位居前列,新兴科研国家的网络影响力不断增强。②双边关系上,国际合作联系数量快速飙升,中美合作取代美德合作,其成为全球最重要的双边联系。③网络结构上,全球科研合作网络的等级层次性逐渐降低,由美国单组团演化为美国—沙特双组团。④驱动机制上,全球科研合作网络演化受到地理邻近性、认知邻近性、社会邻近性、共同语言、历史联系和人才流动等多重因素的共同作用。其中,地理邻近性、共同语言和历史联系的重要性随着网络演化而降低,合作网络的驱动力更多是依靠社会邻近性、认知邻近性和人才流动。
As the world enters a new era of big developments and changes, the inter-country and inter-region scientific collaboration has seen fundamental changes in its environment,which not only faces unprecedented opportunities but also encounters grand challenges.Consequently, exploring the network dynamics and driving mechanisms of global scientific collaboration plays a critical role in the judgment of global science competition and cooperation. This paper, from the perspective of "node-line-network" and based on the dynamic logic in proximity approaches, uses the internationally co-authored papers data from the InCites database of Clarivate Analytics company for the period 2000-2019, and investigates the position of countries/regions, bilateral partnerships between countries/regions, the evolution of network structure, and reveals dynamic mechanisms of international scientific collaboration network as well as how the influence of driving factors changes over time. Firstly, results show that the traditional science powerhouses, such as the United States, the United Kingdom,France, and Germany, have occupied central and critical positions in the network. At the same time, the emerging scientific nations have strengthened their centrality and influence in the network, including China, South Korea, India, and South Africa, which are gradually close to the core position. Secondly, the number of ties between countries has increased dramatically.The research partnership between Germany and the United States is gradually giving way to China-US collaboration, which becomes the most important bilateral collaboration between countries in the world. Thirdly, the global scientific collaboration network is characterized by a star-shaped structure. As globalization and networking of science advance, decentralization in the collaboration network grows increasingly refined. The whole network has evolved from a single group dominated by the United States to a double group including the United States and Saudi Arabia. Finally, the extended gravity model indicates that geographical proximity, social proximity, cognitive proximity, common language, historical links, and talent flows have a positive effect on international scientific collaboration. As the knowledge network evolves, the importance of geographical proximity, common language, and historical links has waned over time, while the significance of social proximity, cognitive proximity, and talent flows has increased.
作者
桂钦昌
杜德斌
刘承良
GUI Qinchang;DU Debin;LIU Chengliang(Institute for Global Innovation and Development,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;School of Urban and Regional Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期423-442,共20页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42201190)
中国博士后基金项目(2022M711152)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA087)。
关键词
国际科研合作
科学全球化
知识网络
邻近性动态
网络演化
international scientific collaboration network
globalization of science
knowledge networks
proximity dynamics
network evolution
