摘要
安全评价是对高放废物地质处置设施提供安全功能并满足法规、标准要求的系统分析与评价,是建立处置安全信心的关键。高放废物地质处置的时间尺度一般在万年以上,安全评价的核心在于论证处置设施是否安全这一结论的可靠性及坚稳性,其安全要求和评价模式有别于核电站等常规核设施。针对高放废物地质处置安全评价的核心关注点进行了概述,主要涵盖安全功能、包容和隔离要求、评价时间尺度和评价指标等安全要求,以及处置系统描述、FEPs分析、核素释放与迁移情景开发、核素迁移模式构建、计算与不确定性分析等安全评价模式。鉴于地下实验室在高放废物地质处置研发中的重要作用,就如何发挥好处置概念对确立安全要求的引导作用,以及以FEPs筛选和情景开发为基础进行安全评价模式构建进行了论述。借此,希望能加深相关方对高放废物地质处置安全评价的理解,强化北山地下实验室研究对安全要求及评价模式重要性的认识,为高放废物地质处置的稳定发展提供支撑。
Safety assessment is a systematic analysis of geological disposal facilities for high-level radioactive waste that provide safety functions and meet the requirements of regulations and standards. Safety assessment is critical to build confidence in safety of geological disposal of radioactive waste. The core of safety assessment on the scale of 10 000 years is to prove the reliability and stability of the conclusion that geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste is safe, so the safety requirements and assessment methods are different from those of nuclear power plants and other conventional nuclear facilities. This paper discussed the core aspects of safety requirements and the methods for safety assessment of geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste. The safety requirements include multiple safety functions, containment and isolation, timescale, and assessment criteria for safety assessment. The methods include system description, FEPs analysis, scenario development, model construction, calculation and uncertainty analysis. In view of the important role of Underground Research Laboratory in the research and development of geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste, this paper discussed the guiding role of the disposal concept in the research and development of safety requirement, as well as the related methods construction based on FEPs screening and scenario development. It is hoped to deepen the understanding of relevant parties on the safety assessment for high-level radioactive waste disposal, to strengthen the understanding of Beishan Underground Research Laboratory on the importance of safety requirements and methods, and to provide stable support for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste.
作者
凌辉
LING Hui(CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing100029,China)
出处
《世界核地质科学》
CAS
2022年第4期712-720,共9页
World Nuclear Geoscience
基金
国防科工局核设施退役与放射性废物治理专项(编号:科工二司[2018] 1045号
科工二司[2020] 194号)资助。
