摘要
小农户家庭经营仍是当前我国农业经营的主要形式,而且一户经营多块土地的现象较为普遍;农地确权可以通过影响农户的投入决策和土地流转决策对农地利用效率产生影响,因而深入探讨农地确权对农户最大地块利用效率的影响具有重要的现实意义。然而现有文献对此缺乏研究。本文认为,影响农户的土地流转行为是农地确权作用于农地利用效率的主要路径之一,单从这条路径来看,农地确权不仅要促进土地流转,而且要使农地向高效率的农业生产经营者集中、要改善农户的分散经营状态,才能显著提升农地利用效率。然而,在现实中可能存在多种因素对该路径形成阻碍,导致农地确权的政策效应未能充分显现。基于2019年在吉林、江苏、四川三省297个村庄抽样调查的1 058份问卷,运用DEA-Tobit模型和中介效应模型的分析显示:相比未确权的农户,已确权农户最大地块利用的综合技术效率和纯技术效率较低,反映出当时样本村庄的农地确权还未有效促进农地利用效率的提高,甚至可能起到相反的作用;相比未确权的农户,已确权农户在确权后的土地转入概率较高,但最大地块面积较小,而有土地转入的农户比没有土地转入的农户、最大地块面积较大的农户比最大地块面积较小的农户最大地块利用的综合技术效率和纯技术效率更高,表明在农地确权影响农地利用效率中土地转入具有遮掩效应、最大地块面积具有中介效应。可见,农地确权提高了已确权农户转入土地的概率,土地的转入虽然可以在一定程度上减弱农地确权与农户最大地块利用的综合技术效率和纯技术效率之间的负相关性,但并没有加大最大地块的面积,由此带来的经营分散加剧可能正是已确权农户最大地块利用效率低于未确权农户的原因之一。相比已有文献,本文对农地确权影响农地利用效率的土地流转路径进行了深入探究,并针对农户最大地块利用效率进行了经验分析,深化了农地确权的政策效应研究,也细化了农地利用效率的影响因素研究。本文研究表明,不但要继续化农地“三权分置”改革和持续开展农村土地确权登记颁证“回头看”工作,还应扫除阻碍农户土地流转的其他障碍,加强对农户土地流转的引导和农村土地整治,促使农地向高效率经营主体集中,并努力解决农户多地块分散经营的问题,进而更有效地促进农地利用效率提升。
Smallholder family management is still the main form of agricultural management at present, and it is common for one family to manage more than one piece of land. Farmland right confirmation can affect farmland use efficiency by influencing farmers’ input decisions and land transfer decisions. Therefore, the exploration of the impact of farmland right confirmation on the maximum land utilization efficiency of farmers has important practical significance. However, the existing literature lacks research on this topic.This paper argues that affecting farmers’ land transfer behavior is one of the main ways that farmland rights confirmation affects land-use efficiency. From the perspective of this path alone, the confirmation of farmland rights should not only promote the transfer of land, but also centralize the farmland to efficient agricultural producers and operators, and improve the dispersed management status of farmers, so as to significantly improve the utilization efficiency of farmland. However, in reality, there may be a variety of factors that hinder this path, resulting in the policy effect of farmland rights confirmation not being fully realized. Based on 1,058 questionnaires from a sample of 297 villages in Jilin, Jiangsu, and Sichuan provinces in 2019, analysis using the DEA-Tobit model and the mediating effects model showed that compared with farmers without the confirmation of farmland rights, the comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of the maximum land use of the confirmed farmers were lower, indicating that the confirmation of farmland rights in the sample villages at that time has not effectively promoted the improvement of farmland use efficiency, and may even have the opposite effect;compared with the farmers without the confirmation of farmland rights, the farmers with confirmation have a higher probability of inward transferring after the confirmed ownership, but the maximum land area is smaller. The farmers with inward transferring have higher comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of the maximum land use than those without inward transferring and those with a larger land area than those with a smaller land area. It is shown that the land transfer has a masking effect and the maximum land area has a mediating effect in the process of farmland rights confirmation affecting the farmland use efficiency. It can be seen that the confirmation of farmland rights improves the probability of inward transferring for farmers with confirmed farmland rights. Although the inward transferring of land can weaken the negative correlation between the confirmation of farmland rights and the comprehensive and pure technical efficiency of farmers’ maximum land use to a certain extent, it does not increase the area of the maximum land. The resulting intensified management dispersion may be one of the reasons why the maximum land-use efficiency of farmers with the right confirmation is lower than that of the farmers without confirmation.Compared with the existing literature, this paper conducted an in-depth study on the land transfer path of farmland right confirmation affecting farmland use efficiency, conducted an empirical analysis on the maximum land-use efficiency of farmers, deepened the research on the policy effect of farmland right confirmation, and refined the research on the influencing factors of farmland use efficiency.This study shows that in addition to continuing the reform of the “separation of the three rights” of farmland and continuing the work of “looking back” on the registration and certification of farmland rights, we should also remove other obstacles to the transfer of farmland, strengthen the guidance of the transfer of farmland and the improvement of farmland, so as to promote the concentration of farmland to highly efficient operators and strive to solve the problem of fragmented operation by farmers on multiple pieces of land, thereby enhancing the efficiency of farmland use more effectively.
作者
朱莉芬
李敏
石永明
ZHU Li-fen;LI Min;SHI Yong-ming(Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,Chongqing University of Technology and Business,Chongqing 400067,China;Experimental Teaching Center for Economic Management,Chongqing University of Technology and Business,Chongqing 400067,China)
出处
《西部论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期111-122,共12页
West Forum
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AJY018)。
关键词
确权颁证
农地流转
综合技术效率
纯技术效率
规模效率
分散经营
confirmation of rights and certification
farmland transfer
comprehensive technical efficiency
pure technical efficiency
scale efficiency
scattered operation
