摘要
土壤水分的准确测定是农业灌溉、水文、环境保护和碳计量等领域的迫切需求。土壤水分测量技术种类繁多、发展迅速,除了经典的干燥失重法外,还包括时域反射法、频域反射法、中子探针法、张力法、电石法、石膏块法、电磁感应法、γ射线法、湿度法、热流法和遥感技术等。干燥失重法是土壤水分测量的参考方法,可用于校准其他水分测量方法,以保障量值准确可靠。校准方式有出厂校准、田间校准和实验室校准。土壤水分的测定,需要根据实际情况选用合适的测量方法和校准方法,才能得到准确可靠的测量结果。本文介绍了土壤水分测量方法和校准方法的原理及特点,并对土壤水分计量技术的发展趋势进行了展望。
Accurate measurement of soil moisture is an urgent need in agricultural irrigation,hydrology,environmental protection,and carbon metrology.The measurement techniques to determine soil moisture are diverse and rapidly developing,including time domain reflectometry(TDR),frequency domain reflectometry(FDR),neutron moisture meters,tensiometry,calcium carbide technique,gypsum blocks,electromagnetic techniques,gamma ray attenuation,hygrometric technique,heat flux sensor technique and remote sensing technique,in addition to the classical loss on drying.The loss on drying method is a reference method for the measurement of soil moisture,which can be used to calibrate other measurement methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the value.The calibration methods include factory calibration,field calibration,and laboratory calibration.In order to determine the soil moisture accurately and conveniently,it is necessary to select appropriate measurement methods and calibration methods according to the actual situation in order to obtain accurate and reliable measurement results.This paper introduces the principles and characteristics of measurement methods and calibration methods for soil moisture,and forecasts the development trend of related measurement technology.
作者
郑涵
王海峰
ZHENG Han;WANG Haifeng(National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《计量科学与技术》
2022年第11期31-36,40,共7页
Metrology Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0602604)
国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2021MK150)。
