摘要
2022年夏秋季长江流域出现大范围异常高温干旱事件,对自然生态和社会经济造成了广泛影响,引起了社会广泛关注。利用最新观测资料,系统分析了2022年长江流域高温干旱的气候特征,并采用区域性高温和区域性干旱过程监测评估方法,评估了2022年区域性高温和干旱过程的综合强度及其影响。结果表明:2022年夏季长江流域最高、最低和平均气温均为1961年以来同期最高,高温日数为1961年以来最多,高温覆盖范围为1961年以来最广,高温过程综合强度为1961年以来最强,达“特强”等级;2022年夏秋季长江流域干旱过程最大覆盖范围达全流域的94.5%,为1961年以来最广,过程期间累计降水量为1961年以来同期最少,过程综合强度为1961年以来最强,达“特强”等级。持续性异常高温干旱造成流域水电、航运、供水和居民生活受到显著影响,部分地区农作物减产,生态环境有所退化。在全球气候变化背景下,近20 a来长江流域区域性高温和干旱事件具有显著的增多、增强以及同时发生的趋势,其影响呈现出系统性和复合型的新特点。未来流域水资源管理需重视气候变化风险,提高应对极端干旱与高温复合灾害的能力。
In the summer and autumn of 2022,large-scale abnormal high temperature and drought events occurred concurrently in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB),which caused significant impacts on the natural and socioeconomic system and drew the public attention.Based on the latest observation data,the climatic characteristics of the regional high temperature and drought events in the YRB in 2022 are systematically analyzed.The comprehensive intensity and impacts of this compound event are also evaluated according to the regional extreme climate event assessment methods.The results showed that the maximum,minimum and mean temperatures in the summer of 2022 were the highest,the number of high temperature days was the highest,the spatial coverage of high temperature was also the largest since 1961 in the YRB.The comprehensive intensity of the high temperature event was also the strongest since 1961,reaching the‘super strong’level.The maximum spatial coverage of the drought during summer and autumn in 2022 reached 94.5%of the whole basin,which was the widest since 1961.The accumulated precipitation during the drought process was the lowest since 1961,and the comprehensive intensity of the drought was the strongest since 1961,reaching the‘super strong’level also.Such persistent abnormal high temperature and drought events posed significant influences on the basin hydropower,transport,water supply as well as the domestic water and electricity usage.Reduction of agricultural production and degradation of ecological environment has also been observed after these events.In the context of global warming,the regional high temperature and drought events in the YRB over the past 20 years show a significant tendency to occur more often,more violently and concurrently,andthe impacts are wider and more complex.In the future,water resources management in the YRB should take into account the risks posed by climate change to improve the ability of dealing with compound drought and heat hazards.
作者
夏智宏
刘敏
秦鹏程
范进进
冯扬
赵小芳
XIA Zhihong;LIU Min;QIN Pengcheng;FAN Jinjin;FENG Yang;ZHAO Xiaofang(Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Wuhan 430074,China;Meteorological Center of Yangtze River Basin,Wuhan 430074,China;Three Gorges National Climatological Observatory,Yichang 443002,China;China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory,Wuhan 430205,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2023年第2期21-28,共8页
Yangtze River
基金
中国气象局软科学研究重大项目(2022ZDAXM03)
湖北省气象局科技发展基金重点项目(2022Z05)
湖北省低碳试点专项“湖北省适应气候变化行动方案”。
关键词
区域性高温过程
区域性干旱过程
综合强度
2022年长江流域干旱
regional high temperature event
regional drought event
comprehensive intensity
drought event over Yangtze River Basin in 2022
