摘要
彩绘类文物的彩绘研究和提取保护是考古工作的重点。但彩绘类文物因其自身的脆弱性而难以保存,需要进行一定的修复加固保护。现有加固保护材料由于大多与文物本体材质存在差异,致使加固保护长时间后,会与本体形成开裂,甚至剥离,宏观表现为“保护性破坏”。本研究着眼于使用彩绘类文物中传统的胶结材料,即动物明胶,但因明胶特有的溶胶-凝胶性,难以直接在文物上使用。因此,本研究首次提出将明胶微米化、纳米化,以“先渗透,再交联”的方式,有效回避明胶的溶胶-凝胶性,实现原材料保护修复。实验使用条件温和的乳化交联法,制备出尺寸为2~4μm的明胶微球,使用扫描电镜、红外光谱对其进行表征,并在模拟彩绘样块上进行透气性以及大红染色观察渗透性等的实验,初步证明作为加固剂的明胶微球新材料基本符合文物保护材料的标准要求。在今后更多的实验测试下,明胶微球有望投入使用。
The study and conservation of painted cultural relics are a focus of archaeology.However,it is difficult to preserve polychromic materials because of their fragility,so the restoration and reinforcement of painted cultural relics are necessary.Since most existing reinforcement materials are different from the cultural relics themselves,new“interfaces”will be formed after reinforcement.This will lead to cracking or even stripping of conservation materials from the body.This manifests itself at the macro level as“protective destruction”.In this work,we turned our attention to the use of animal gelatin,a traditional cementing material used for painted cultural relics.However,due to the sol-gel property of gelatin,it is difficult to use it directly on cultural relics.Therefore,a new idea—the use of micron-and nanometer-sized gelatins—was proposed for the first time.These species can effectively avoid the sol-gel property of gelatin,and effectively realize the conservation and restoration of raw materials by means of“penetration first,then cross-linking”.Gelatin microspheres(GM)with the sizes of 2~4μm were prepared by emulsification-coacervation under mild conditions and were then evaluated using SEM and FTIR.Comparison with the raw gelatin showed that it was micron-sized gelatin.The gelatin microspheres were applied to painted sample blocks simulating cultural relics for permeability and breathability experiments.Preliminary experiments showed that the depth of penetration of the GM could meet the requirements for reinforcement of painted cultural relics.The experimental sample blocks reinforced with GM have good breathability and meet standards required of conservation materials.In the future,after more experimental testing,gelatin microspheres are expected to be put into use.
作者
孙凤
谢童
王若苏
李依林
何子璇
SUN Feng;XIE Tong;WANG Ruosu;LI Yilin;HE Zixuan(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2023年第1期1-7,共7页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
陕西省社会科学基金项目(2020G013)资助。
关键词
文物保护
明胶微球
彩绘类文物
Cultural relic conservation
Gelatin microsphere
Painted cultural relic
