摘要
油轮滞期费在中国进口原油运输物流成本支出中占有相当大的比例。滞期费是船舶承租人超出了承诺固定装卸时间而要支付的“议定损失”赔偿。期租同等收入是滞期费率形成的参考条件,基本运费率与WS指数、航运市场供需关系、装卸港条件、船舶集中到港是滞期费率形成的决定条件。中国油轮滞期管理控制存在大型原油码头接卸能力滞后于进口原油增长、进口西非原油拼装复杂和装货港口硬件设施条件较差、南美DES条款进口原油船期主导权和控制力弱、部分国内港口航道存在瓶颈,以及国内港口疫情防控政策变化等诸多问题。构建油轮承租人和船东“双赢”的生态,及时结算费用、树立口碑形象,捕捉租船时机、统筹测算成本,控制集中到港、缩短船期窗口,解决储运瓶颈、简化防疫程序等,是中国维护能源安全和降低滞期费对外支付的路径。
At the present, the demurrage plays a big part in China’s crude oil logistic cost. Demurrage charges are incurred when the charterer goes beyond the promised fixed handling time, and therefore has to compensate for “agreed losses”.The Time Charterer Equivalent(TCE) is the reference condition to measure the demurrage rate, whereas other conditions such as the basic freight rate and WS index, the supply and demand state quo of the shipping market, the port facility and its traffic condition are deemed as decisive conditions. The demurrage management control in China faces various challenges, such as large ports’ capacity fail to meet the increasing import crude oil demand, tanker assembly complexity for West Africa crude oils and poor loading port infrastructure issues, weak bargaining power over South America crude oil DES term negotiation, couple of ports’ channels capacity bottlenecks, inefficient unloading work due to domestic frequent changing COVID-19 control policy and so on. Building a “win-win” ecology for tanker charterers and ship owners, completing payment in time, setting up a good reputation and image, seizing chartering opportunity, estimating costs integrally, easing port traffic congestion, reducing loading time, tackle storage and transportation capacity bottlenecks, and simplifying pandemic control procedure are the key methods to safeguard energy supply and reduce demurrage foreign payment.
作者
王宝琳
WANG Baolin(Refining Department,China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation)
出处
《国际石油经济》
2023年第1期83-90,98,共9页
International Petroleum Economics
关键词
原油进口
原油运输
油轮
滞期费率
航运市场
管理
控制
crude oil imports
crude oil transportation
oil tanker
demurrage rate
shipping market
management
control
