摘要
降水类型变化是深入理解全球变暖背景下陆地水循环演变的重要内容,高寒山区降水类型观测研究一直是国内外学者关注的热点和难点问题。本文选用2018年5月至2020年4月乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川末端的PWS100激光雨滴谱仪和Geonor T-200B称重式雨雪量计的同步降水观测数据进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)PWS100观测结果显示该试验场以固态降水为主,固体颗粒物占总颗粒物的63%,液体颗粒物占总颗粒物的37%;月尺度上,6-8月粒子数量最多,其中液态粒子占57%,固态粒子43%。其余月份以固态粒子数为主,占总粒子数的96%。(2)基于降水粒子在不同温度区间所占比重,以气温6.5℃为临界值划分降水类型。修正后T-200B降雨总累积量为1202 mm,占DFIR的67%,低估了降水量,但平均相对捕获率达到了87%。(3)两台仪器观测的降水总量大致相同(仅相差71 mm),然而,季节性差异明显,6-8月PWS100比T-200B高出73 mm,9月至次年5月则少37 mm。PWS100在降水量大、降水类型复杂的夏季,观测到的降水量大,而冬季降水量较少,且PWS100对小雨滴不敏感,会导致捕获量的不足,因此,T-200B在捕获固态降水方面更有效。研究结果为进一步研究变暖背景下山区流域径流季节变化提供了实验基础。
Precipitation plays an important role in the process of water cycle and is a main driving force of terrestrial hydrological process.The change of precipitation form is an important part of understanding the evolution of land water cycle under the background of global warming,which is a hot and difficult issue for scholars at home and abroad.In our study,an observation comparison experiment of solid precipitation measurements with a PWS100 laser sensor and a Geonor T-200B at the terminus of Urumqi Glacier No.1,Tianshan Mountains from May 2018 to April 2020 was carried out.Three parts of results are obtained from this study.Firstly,the experiment site was dominated by solid precipitation particles,accounting for 63%of total precipitation particles.The liquid particles accounted for 37%of total precipitation particles.On the monthly scale,the number of particles from June to August was the largest,with 57%of liquid particles and 43%of solid particles.In the other months,the number of solid particles accounted for 96%of the total number of particles.Secondly,based on the proportion of precipitation particles in different temperature ranges,the precipitation types were divided with the temperature 6.5℃as the critical value.The modified total precipitation accumulation of Geonor T-200B was 1202 mm,accounting for 67%of DFIR,which underestimated the precipitation,but the average relative capture rate was about 87%.Thirdly,the daily precipitation recorded PWS100 and Geonor T-200B was strong correlated and the annual amount of precipitation recorded by two instruments differed 71 mm.However,there was a small seasonal difference between two observed data sets.The amount of precipitation from PWS100 was 73 mm higher in June to August and 37 mm lower in September to May in the next year compared with the values recorded by Geonor T-200B.PWS100 observed large precipitation in summer with large precipitation and complex precipitation types,but less precipitation in winter.Moreover,PWS100 was not sensitive to small raindrops,which would lead to insufficient catch quantity.Therefore,it indicated that Geonor T-200B was more efficient than PWS100 in terms of catching solid precipitation.The results provide experimental basis for further research on the seasonal changes of mountainous runoff under the background of climatic warming.
作者
陈普晨
李忠勤
王璞玉
贾玉峰
金爽
CHEN Puchen;LI Zhongqin;WANG Puyu;JIA Yufeng;JIN Shuang(College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmentand Resources,CAS,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;College of Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期116-127,共12页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0201)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20020102,XDA20060201)
国家自然科学基金项目(41471058)
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0801)。
