摘要
新疆是我国降水最少、产水能力最低的地区,自然灾害主要是干旱。本文基于实测降水、径流数据,依据全国第三次水资源调查评价形成的新疆降水、径流等值线图,形成干旱分布图,并构建年尺度面降水、径流系列。采用干旱分布图和系列数据,按不同空间尺度量化分析了研究区干旱状态和演变规律。新疆多年平均降水深为157.7 mm,单位面积产水量48.5 mm,80%以上的面积属干旱、半干旱区,南疆较北疆干旱、山区相对湿润、平原干旱。在气候变暖的背景下,呈现不同程度湿化趋势,但气象干旱和水文干旱的气候形态并未发生改变。近30 a的相对丰水期,由于经济社会用水量的不断增加,加之高温导致的径流年际波动加剧,使新疆面临更为严峻的干旱形势。
Xinjiang is the region with the least precipitation and the lowest water production capacity in China,and the natural disasters are mainly drought.Utilizing the contour maps of precipitation and runoff from the Third National Water Resource Survey,this article visualizes the distribution of arid land and generate time-series data of precipitation and runoff of Xinjiang.Based on these data and contour maps,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of the arid land and its temporal evolution.The average precipitation of Xinjiang is 157.7 mm,and its water yield per unit is 48.5 mm,and 80%of the land in Xinjiang is covered by arid or semiarid zone.The South and the mountainous areas are drier than the North and the plains.Though a humidifying trend has been observed,against the backdrop of global climate change,it has not changed the climate pattern of frequent meteorological and hydrological droughts.Xinjiang has experienced a period of abundance in the recent three decades,while the growth in the demand for water for human consumption and economic development and the increasing annual variability of runoff caused by high temperature contribute to the rising severity of drought.
作者
王姣妍
WANG Jiao-yan(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hydrological Bureau,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000,China)
出处
《干旱环境监测》
2023年第1期15-21,共7页
Arid Environmental Monitoring
关键词
气温
降水
径流
干旱指数
干旱
temperature
precipitation
runoff
drought indices
drought
