摘要
基于前景理论分析了生态文明建设背景下农户公益林规模对商品林种植结构的影响机制,着重考察了农户非农就业对公益林规模影响商品林种植结构的约束作用,并利用国家林业和草原局集体林权制度改革监测数据进行实证检验。结果表明:农户林地经营面积中公益林比例对商品林林地面积中用材林比例和经济林比例分别具有显著的负向与正向影响;家庭收入主要依靠外出务工的农户,公益林比例对用材林比例的负向影响会减弱,农户非农就业比例越高,公益林比例对经济林比例的正向影响被弱化的程度越大;公益林建设强化了农户对采伐指标申请难度的感知,促使农户将用材林转种经济林以规避未来被划为公益林后的禁伐损失。因此,需要合理规划公益林片区,优化经营管制措施,提升公益林管护水平与用材林林分质量。
⑴Background——After China completely implemented the policy of stopping commercial logging of natural forests,the external dependence of wood in China has been increasing.The continuous expansion of the construction scale of public welfare forests may change the farmers'planting structure of commercial forests,which has a significant impact on both national timber supply security and ecological security.⑵Methods——Based on the prospect theory of behavioral economics,this paper analyzed the impact mechanism of the scale of the farmers'public welfare forests on the planting structure of commercial forests from the perspective of loss aversion,focused on the constraint effects of the farmers'non-agricultural employment on the impact mechanism,and put forward the research hypotheses.The Tobit model was used to empirically test the research hypotheses based on the monitoring data of collective forest rights system reform of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration in 2016.⑶Results——First,the proportion of public welfare forests had a significant negative effect on the proportion of timber forests,while it had a significant positive effect on the proportion of economic forests,and the effect was greater.The reasons were as follows:on one hand,the construction of public welfare forests strengthened the control of forest and wood logging and reduced the enthusiasm of farmers to plant timber forests.On the other hand,the ecological compensation of public welfare forest could not make up for the loss caused by the restriction of forestland management rights,and the farmers may convert the timber forests into the less restricted economic forests.Second,the interaction term between the source of family income and the proportion of public welfare forests had a significant positive effect on the proportion of timber forests.The interaction term between the proportion of non-agricultural employment and the proportion of public welfare forests had a significant negative effect on the proportion of economic forests.The reasons were as follows:on one hand,the farmers whose family income mainly depended on migrant workers had a low dependence on forest lands.The loss caused by forest lands being classified as public welfare forests was small,which failed to induce the farmers to adjust forest species.On the other hand,the higher the proportion of non-agricultural employment was,the more the farmers inclined to convert the existing economic forests into timber forests in order to release labor forces to participate in non-agricultural employment.Third,there was a mediating effect of public welfare forests construction on commercial forests planting structure by strengthening the farmers'perception of logging difficulty,and it showed partial mediating effect.Fourth,a series of robustness tests showed that the baseline regression results were still reliable.Fifth,the proportion of public welfare forests had a significant positive impact on the willingness of farmers to convert their forestlands,but had no significant impact on the actual behaviors of farmers to convert their forestlands.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The expansion of the scale of public welfare forests reduces the planting scale of timber forests and changes the planting structure of commercial forests.Therefore,in order to optimize the structure of forest species and ensure national timber security,the following policy suggestions are put forward:First,make rational plans for public welfare forests blocks and promote the construction of public welfare forests in an orderly manner.Second,appropriately loosen control over public welfare forests and stimulate the farmers'enthusiasm for afforestation.Third,encourage the farmers to plant timber forests and strengthen the farmer'training in the planting technologies to realize the large-scale management of forestland.
作者
张自强
何婕
周伟
ZHANG Ziqiang;HE Jie;ZHOU Wei(School of Economics,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Tourism and Culture Industry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《林业经济问题》
北大核心
2022年第6期589-598,共10页
Issues of Forestry Economics
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21XJC790015)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003069)。
关键词
公益林
商品林
林种结构
前景理论
非农就业
public welfare forests
commercial forests
forest species structure
prospect theory
non-agricultural employment
