摘要
“十三五”国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项实施以来,围绕中国水产生物遗传基础认知和种质创制技术体系能力提升,在重要养殖生物种质资源遗传基础深度解析、理论创新和育种技术上取得了新进展,完成了30余种重要水产养殖生物基因组图谱,实现了重要水产生物生长、品质、抗性和性别等多个经济性状的深度遗传解析。在选择育种和杂交育种等传统育种基础上,整合基因组测序、功能基因挖掘、基因工程和细胞工程等现代生物技术,建立了全基因组选择育种、性别控制、BLUP遗传评估、干细胞移植与“借腹怀胎”和基因组编辑等新一代育种技术体系。“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项共获得30个性状优异的水产新品种,累计繁育优良苗种150亿尾/个(只),养殖示范、推广面积超过13.3万hm^(2)。本文综述了“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项实施以来,中国水产育种领域取得的主要科技创新成果,针对水产种业科技创新中存在的问题,提出应加强水产养殖生物种质资源收集与评价、加快突破性新品种研发进程、推进种业科企合作、加强育种原创性理论与技术研究及完善新品种“育、繁、推”一体化等未来重点研究方向,以期为促进中国渔业跨越式、高质量发展提供坚实的种质保证和技术支撑。
New progress has been made in the in-depth analysis and theoretical innovation of the genetic basis for the utilization of germplasm resources of important aquaculture organisms,and genome map of more than thirty important species have been completed during the implementation of“Blue Granary”project in National Key Research and Development Program.The genome map of aquaculture organisms realizes the genetic analysis of multiple economic traits such as growth,quality,resistance,and sex determination of important aquatic organisms.On the basis of selective breeding and cross-breeding,the integration of functional gene mining,genetic engineering,cell engineering and other modern biotechnologies has established a new generation of breeding technology system,including molecular marker-assisted breeding,BLUP genetic evaluation,stem cell transplantation and“borrowing a pregnancy”,and genome editing.The project has acquired 30 new aquatic species with superior traits,15 billion excellent seedlings are bred in total in over 13.3×10^(4)hm^(2)of the breeding demonstration and promotion.The main scientific and technological innovation achievements are summarized in the breeding field since the implementation of“Blue Granary”project in National Key Research and Development Program.In view of the problems existing in the scientific and technological innovation of aquaculture seed industry,it is proposed that the collection and evaluation of aquaculture biological germplasm resources,speed up the research and development process of breakthrough new varieties should be strengthened to promote the cooperation between research institutes and enterprise,strengthen the research of breeding original theory and technology,and improve the future key research direction of the integration of breeding and breeding of new varieties.The finding provide a solid germplasm guarantee and technical support for promoting the leap-forward and high-quality development of fisheries in China.
作者
王振忠
卢兵友
刘磊
WANG Zhenzhong;LU Bingyou;LIU Lei(China Rural Technology Development Center,Beijing 100045,China;School of Marine Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315832,China)
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期1-11,共11页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY20C190005)。
关键词
国家重点研发计划
水产养殖
遗传育种
水产种业科技创新
international key research and development program
aquaculture
breeding
scientific and technological innovation of aquatic seed industry
