摘要
推动普惠性托育服务落地,破局入托难问题已成为社会各界的共识。然而作为在政府扶持下自负盈亏的经营性行为,如何吸引社会力量参与托育服务是地方政府首先要面对的问题。育儿家庭对托育服务的需求规模、支付意愿和模式期望等情况是社会力量是否参与托育服务的重要决策依据。为解构家庭托育服务需求的多元性,利用2020年“厦门市0—3岁婴幼儿托育服务需求调查”数据估计了家庭对各类托育服务模式的选择率与支付意愿。采用选择实验法的研究结果显示:总体上厦门市育儿家庭对于将子女送托的态度并不积极,现有服务模式与家庭期望差距较大,可接受当前商业托育服务和非正规小托班的家庭仅占3.42%,而愿意接受潜在普惠性托育服务的家庭比例则高达29.4%。在社区内、公办和提供早教是育儿家庭相对比较青睐的服务属性。而在各服务属性之间,社区化服务是育儿家庭最为看重的服务属性,其次是主办方性质。不接受小托班的主要是不信任个人主办,只要由正规机构开办,育儿家庭对分散化家庭托育点的接受度可达15.17%。家庭对于社区化普惠性服务的支付意愿明显高于各类商业性服务,商业性服务宣扬的豪华环境和早教课程体系并不是家庭所看重的要素,家庭对社区内基本照料服务的支付意愿更高。换言之,如果现有商业托育服务转入社区,不仅省去了高昂的租金和营销成本,还可获得更高的家庭选择率和支付意愿。总之,开展社区化的普惠性托育服务是缓解机构生存压力和提升家庭送托率的双赢策略。
It has become the consensus that the implementation of inclusive childcare services can solve the problem of the difficult access to childcare service.However,as a self financing business behavior supported by the government,how to attract social forces to participate in the inclusive childcare services is the first problem to face.The demand scale,willingness to pay and service expectation of parenting families for childcare services are important bases for the participating decision-making of social forces.In order to deconstruct the diversity of family childcare service needs,this paper estimates the family’s choice rate and willingness to pay for various types of family care service modes by using the data of Xiamen’s investigation on the childcare under 3 years old in 2020.The research results using the choice experimental design show that:1)In general,the parents’attitude towards institutional childcare in Xiamen is not positive,which presents a large gap between the existing service model and family expectations.Only 3.42%of families could accept the current commercial childcare services and informal small nurseries,while the proportion of families which are willing to accept the potential inclusive childcare services is as high as 29.4%.2)Public sponsor,being in the community and providing early education are relatively preferred service attributes for parenting families.Among the service attributes,community-based services are more important to families than the nature of sponsor,which are the most important service attributes for parenting families.The majority of those who did not accept child-care centers mainly can not trust individuals.Therefore,as long as the service was run by formal institutions,the acceptance rate of decentralized family nurseries reaches 15.17%.3)Families’willingness to pay for community-based inclusive services is significantly higher than all kinds of commercial services.The high cost paid by commercial services for the luxurious environment and early education curriculum system that they promote is not what families value.Actually,families’willingness to pay is equivalent to daily care services in the community.In other words,if the existing commercial childcare services are transferred to the community,it will not only save the high rent and marketing costs,but also obtain a higher family choice rate and willingness to pay.In short,carrying out community-based inclusive childcare services is a win-win strategy to alleviate the pressure on institutions and improve the rate of family childcare delivery.
作者
任锋
REN Feng(Institute of Population and Ecology Studies,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)
出处
《人口与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期57-70,共14页
Population & Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“儿童照顾对城市家庭二孩生育决策的影响及政策选择研究”(18BRK036)。
关键词
普惠性托育服务
服务模式选择
支付意愿
选择实验法
inclusive childcare services
service mode selection
willingness to pay
selective experiment method
