摘要
防范返贫风险、实现可持续减贫是“后扶贫时代”原贫困旅游地巩固脱贫成效的重点工作。本文以实践为导向,以旅游减贫经典理论为骨架,整合多学科返贫研究成果,构建旅游地返贫机制分析框架。该框架建立了旅游返贫类型体系,指明了返贫风险可能的发生途径与机制。框架指出:扶贫机制不完善将导致机会、增权、保障3个关键因素不同程度的缺失,这些缺失将通过直接效应、间次效应或动态效应三种路径导致低资产返贫、低增长返贫、再结构返贫或暂时性返贫的产生。文章进而给出分析框架的实际应用步骤,以指导旅游减贫实践者检视返贫风险、判断可能的返贫类型结果、阻断返贫发生路径,为脱贫地区旅游可持续发展及返贫风险防范提供了指引。尽管以解决实践问题、提高实践效率、降低实践成本为导向,但该框架也能在理论上指引未来的旅游地返贫研究面向现实需求,探索是否有更优的返贫分类方法、是否有需要补充的返贫成因、是否有新的返贫路径等问题,有助于明确该领域的未来研究方向。
Ensuring stable and sustainable poverty reduction is an important task in the“post poverty reduction era”,especially for the previous poor tourist destinations.Poverty-returning in the tourist destination refers to the phenomenon that the past poor areas that have been lifted out of poverty through tourism development return to poverty due to the vulnerability and unsustainability of individual conditions,economic pattern,ecological environment,policy background,etc.In the“post poverty reduction era”,poverty-returning,as a key issue of sustainable poverty reduction,should be paid more attention in the practice and research in the poor tourist destinations.Due to theoretical gap and practical needs,this paper aims at constructing a practice-oriented analysis framework of tourist destination poverty-returning mechanism through multidisciplinary literature review.The framework suggests that the improper poverty reduction mechanism will bring negative impacts on tourism,including low tourism competitiveness,single industrial structure,poor anti risk ability,serious tourism leakage,lack of residents’ability and power,lack of social security policies,environmental damage,etc.Different combinations of these impacts will lead to the lack of opportunities,empowerment and security,and then results in low asset poverty-returning,low growth povertyreturning,restructuring poverty-returning or temporary poverty-returning through direct effects,secondary effects or dynamic effects.In practice,the framework can guide tourism poverty reduction practitioners to examine the risk of poverty-returning,judge the possible results of poverty-returning types,prevent poverty-returning,and provide effective guidance for sustainable tourism development in poor areas.This paper,which aims at solving practical problems,improving practical efficiency and reducing practical costs,will also theoretically guide future research on poverty reduction in tourist destinations.On the basis of this framework and facing practical needs,future research can explore whether there is a better classification method for poverty-returning,whether there is a cause of poverty-returning that needs to be supplemented,whether there is a new path for poverty-returning etc.It will also help to clarify the future research direction in this field.
作者
冯楚瑶
翁时秀
FENG Chuyao;WENG Shixiu(School of Geography and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期312-331,共20页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41920104002、41201139)。
关键词
旅游减贫
返贫机制
旅游地
可持续发展
tourism poverty reduction
poverty-returning mechanism
tourist destination
sustainable development
