摘要
目的:研究速度攀岩运动中运动员心脏和肌肉的疲劳发生顺序,进而针对易疲劳环节进行专门训练,为攀岩科学化训练提供一定的理论支撑。方法:随机选取江西省攀岩队男运动员12名,分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组为6名高水平运动员,对照组为6名普通运动员;运动员穿戴心率带、肌电电极片等信息采集装置,采用高强度间歇攀岩的运动方式,反复攀爬15m国际标准赛道,直至达到疲劳指标。结果:通过测定运动员反应时(reaction time,RT)、运动自觉量表(RPE)和即刻最大心率(maximum heart rate,MHR)、闪光融合频率(flicker fusion frequency,FFF)、握力(hand grip test,HGT)等指标,确定运动员进入疲劳状态。当进入疲劳状态时,生物反馈指标高水平运动员与普通运动员相比,心率变异中低频与高频比值(LF/HF)指标出现明显上升,且差异具有显著性(P<0.05),其他部分指标呈下降趋势(P<0.05);在积分肌电值(integrated electromyogram,iEMG)、均方根值(root mean square,RMS)、中位频率(median,frequency,MF)方面,实验组、对照组均呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。无论是高水平运动员,还是普通运动员,安静进入疲劳时,心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)首先发生变化,其次是肌电,最后是皮电发生变化。结论:攀岩运动员在攀岩运动直至疲劳的过程中,HRV、表面肌电图(surface electromyography,sEMG)均出现特征性变化;该实验各指标发生变化的顺序为心功能指标HRV、sEMG。由此推测,攀岩运动员攀在攀岩运动中不同部位进入疲劳的顺序为先心脏,后外周肌肉。
Objective:To study the time sequence of heart and muscle fatigue in speed rock climbing,and then conduct special training for easy fatigue,so as to provide some theoretical support for scientific rock climbing training.Methods:12 male athletes of Jiangxi Provincial rock-climbing team were randomly selected,including 6 high-level athletes as the experimental group and 6 ordinary athletes as the control group.Athletes wear heart rate bands,electromyography electrodes and other information collection devices,and adopt the high-intensity intermittent rock climbing mode to climb 15m international standard track repeatedly until they reach the fatigue index.Results:By measuring the athletes'reaction time,RPE,instant maximum heart rate,flash fusion frequency,grip strength and other indicators,the athletes were determined to enter the fatigue state.When entering the fatigue state,LF/HF indicators of high-level athletes with biofeedback indicators increased significantly compared with ordinary athletes,and the difference was significant(P<0.05),while other indicators showed a downward trend(P<0.05);IEMG,RMS,MF were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group(P<0.05).Whether high-level athletes or ordinary athletes,when they enter fatigue quietly,HRV changes first,followed by EMG,and finally skin electricity changes.Conclusion:The HRV and sEMG of rock climbers have characteristic changes in the process of climbing until fatigue;The order of the changes of the indexes in this experiment was HRV and sEMG.It can be inferred that the order of fatigue of different parts of rock climbers in rock climbing is heart first,then peripheral muscle.
作者
肖随龙
李宏伟
张蕾
XIAO Suilong;LI Hongwei;ZHANG Lei(Jiangxi College of Applied Technology;College of Physical Education,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province,341000 China)
出处
《当代体育科技》
2023年第3期6-11,共6页
Contemporary Sports Technology
基金
2021年度江西省教育厅科学技术研究一般项目(GJJ214905)。
关键词
速度攀岩
生物反馈技术
运动性疲劳
时序性
监控
Speed rock climbing
Biofeedback technology
Exercise fatigue
Time sequence
Monitor and control
