摘要
阴道黑色素瘤(VM)极其罕见,好发于老年女性、预后极差,在阴道恶性肿瘤中占比约为3%,与皮肤、眼、外阴黑色素瘤相比,VM患者的5年总体生存(OS)率较低,仅为13%~32.3%。目前对VM患者尚无统一的临床分期系统及标准治疗方案。手术仍然是早期VM患者的主要治疗方法,术后辅助放、化疗及细胞因子治疗,可能提高VM患者OS率。免疫治疗和靶向治疗,可能改善晚期VM患者预后,但是其疗效均尚需要大样本、前瞻性随机对照试验进一步评估。笔者拟就VM发病机制,VM患者临床表现与分期、治疗及预后,尤其是免疫和靶向治疗的最新研究现状进行阐述。
Vaginal melanoma(VM)is a rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis,accounting for around 3%of all vaginal malignancies,and usually occur in older women.VM has a poorer 5-year overall survival(OS)rate than cutaneous,ocular,and vulvar melanoma,with 5-year OS rate of 13%-32.3%.Consensus on staging system or treatment regimen for patients with VM has yet to be established.Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for patients with early-stage VM,and postoperative adjuvant therapy such as radiotherapy,chemotherapy and cytokine therapy may improve their OS rate.Immunotherapy and targeted therapy may be promising approaches for treating patients with advanced VM.However,their curative effects still need further evaluation with solid evidence by large samples,prospective randomized controlled trials of patients with VM.This article reviews the latest research progresses of pathogenesis of VM,clinical manifestations and clinical stage of patients with VM,treatment and prognosis of patients with VM,especially for immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
作者
张晓芳
王平
Xiaofang Zhang;Ping Wang(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University),Ministry of Education,West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《中华妇幼临床医学杂志（电子版）》
CAS
2022年第6期621-626,共6页
Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition)
基金
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2021YFS0015)。
