摘要
针对当前夏玉米生产中水氮投入不合理,缺少综合夏玉米产量、氮素利用及土壤硝态氮含量对水氮优化管理模式评价的问题,运用层次分析法、熵权法、博弈论组合赋权计算各指标权重,使用TOPSIS法建立模型对水氮减量方案进行综合评价,为关中平原夏玉米节水节肥环保增效的生产模式提供理论依据。于2018—2020年在陕西杨凌开展水、氮二因素裂区田间试验。设置3个灌溉处理,以传统灌水量(800 m^(3)hm^(–2),W2)为对照、在此基础上减50%(400m^(3)hm^(–2),W1)和减100%(0 m^(3)hm^(–2),W0)。每个灌溉量下设5个施氮梯度,以传统施氮量(300 kg hm^(–2),N300)为对照、在此基础上减25%(225 kg hm^(–2),N225)、减50%(150 kg hm^(–2),N150)、减75%(75 kg hm^(–2),N75)和减100%(0)。分析不同水氮减量处理夏玉米产量、氮素利用及土壤硝态氮含量,使用TOPSIS法建模选优。与对照W2N300相比,W1N225增产效果最明显,增产率为5.4%,W2N225、W2N150、W1N150也表现出明显的增产效应,增产率分别为2.4%、0.7%、0.3%。W1N225、W1N150可以显著提高氮肥农学效率、氮肥回收效率、氮肥偏生产力,2018年NAE、NRE、NPFP分别比传统模式提高29.7%、16.2%、24.5%,36.5%、25.4%、28.8%;2019年分别提高53.4%、36.7%、32.8%,46.5%、35.2%、47.4%;2020年分别提高43.6%、37.3%、48.0%,66.9%、43.1%、54.5%。W1N225、W1N150土壤硝态氮残留量比传统水氮管理模式减少28.6%、53.8%。使用TOPSIS法进行综合评价,发现氮肥减量25%~50%、灌水减少50%时各指标评价值最高,水氮减量(中水中肥)优于高水高肥,高水高肥优于低水低肥,高水低肥优于低水高肥。通过TOPSIS法模拟寻优得出灌水量为W1 (400 m^(3)hm^(–2))施氮量为200 kg hm^(–2)时综合评价值最优。因此,在关中平原灌溉区,灌水减量50%(400 m^(3)hm^(–2))、施氮减少33.3%(200 kg hm^(–2))可以实现关中平原夏玉米生产节水减肥环保增效的目标。
The objective of this study is to solve the problems of excessive water and nitrogen input in current summer maize cropping system and lacking comprehensive evaluation approach and evaluate the current water and nitrogen management scheme for yield,nitrogen utilization of summer maize and soil nitrate nitrogen content.AHP,entropy method,and game theory were combined to determine index weight,TOPSIS was used to evaluate water and nitrogen reduction scheme,thus the results can provide a theoretical basis for water-saving,nitrogen-reducing and high efficient cultivation scheme of summer maize in Guanzhong plain.The two-factor split-plot field experiment during 2018–2020 was conducted in Yangling,Shaanxi province,where three irrigation levels were traditional 800 m^(3) hm^(–2)(W2) as the control,reduced to 400 m^(3) hm^(–2)(W1),and no irrigation(W0) .Each water treatment was the five N rate treatments[300 kg hm^(–2)(N300) as the control,reduced 25%(225 kg hm^(–2)),reduced50%(150 kg hm^(–2)),reduced 75%(75 kg hm^(–2)),and no N fertilizer(0) ].Maize yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and soil nitrate nitrogen content under different water and nitrogen reduction treatments were analyzed and to choose optimal scheme with modeling by TOPSIS.Compared with W2N300(CK),W1N225 had best effect on yield,and increased significantly by 5.4%.Meanwhile,W2N225,W2N150,and W1N150 had significantly effect on yield,and increased significantly by 2.4%,0.7%,and 0.3%,respectively.W1N225 and W1N150 enhanced the N-use efficiency,agronomic efficiency,and partial factor productivity,and increased significantly by 29.7%,16.2%,24.5%;36.5%,25.4%,28.8%;53.4%,36.7%,32.8%;46.5%,35.2%,47.4%;43.6%,37.3%,48.0%;and 66.9%,43.1%,54.5%than CK in 2018,2019,2020,respectively.W1N225,W1N150 reduced soil nitrate nitrogen leaching,and decreased by 28.6%and 53.8%than CK,respectively.Using TOPSIS for comprehensive evaluation,it was found that the evaluation value of each index was the highest when nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 25%–50%(with nitrogen application rate of 150–225 kg hm^(–2)) and irrigation water was reduced by 50%(irrigated 400 m^(3) hm^(–2)in jointing stage) .Water and nitrogen reduction(medium fertilizer in middle water) were better than high water and high fertilizer,high water and high fertilizer were better than low water and low fertilizer,and high water and low fertilizer were better than low water and high fertilizer.Through TOPSIS optimization,the comprehensive evaluation value was the best when the irrigation amount was W1(irrigated 400 m^(3) hm^(–2)at jointing stage) and the nitrogen application amount was 200 kg hm^(–2).Therefore,reduced irrigation(irrigated 400 m^(3) hm^(–2)in jointing stage) and reduced 33.3%nitrogen(with nitrogen application rate of 200 kg hm^(–2)) mode can be used to realize the water-saving and nitrogen reduction production of summer maize in Guanzhong Plain.
作者
李慧
王旭敏
刘苗
刘朋召
李巧丽
王小利
王瑞
李军
LI Hui;WANG Xu-Min;LIU Miao;LIU Peng-Zhao;LI Qiao-Li;WANG Xiao-Li;WANG Rui;LI Jun(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1292-1304,共13页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B02)
国家自然科学基金项目(31801300)资助。
关键词
夏玉米
水氮减量
氮素利用
产量
TOPSIS法
summer maize
irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction
nitrogen use efficiency
yield
technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution
