摘要
拜登政府执政以来,美国极力谋求增强网络空间的主导地位。互联网未来联盟的提出和推进,实际上是拜登政府强化网络空间霸权的重要战略举措。该战略目标主要包括维护美国的网络空间霸权地位、促进美国数字经济发展、打造网络空间“志愿者联盟”和争夺网络空间治理主导权。为此采取了五个方面举措:以北约为核心机制促进美欧互联网合作、强化美国在亚太区域的互联网合作、加强互联网未来联盟与现有多边机制的对接、软硬兼施以加强国际动员和在网络空间围堵孤立中俄。这将会加剧网络空间的权力失衡、导致中美在网络空间的竞争更加激烈、第三方国家网络空间“选边站队”的压力增加和全球网络空间治理更加困难。美国虽初步笼络了部分国家构建了意识形态非常浓厚的议题联盟,但其真正实现具有较强执行力、制度约束力的联盟体系还比较困难,其长远发展还面临着网络空间意识形态的差异、互联网未来联盟成员国分歧、具体实施路径不够明确和广大发展中国家持观望态度等一些局限性。
The United States has sought to strengthen its dominance in cyberspace since Joe Biden took office.The initiation and promotion of the“Alliance for the Future of the Internet”is actually an important strategy of the Biden administration to strengthen American hegemony in cyberspace.The objectives of the strategy mainly include maintaining US hegemony in cyberspace,promoting the development of the US digital economy,building a“coalition of the willing”in cyberspace,and fighting for dominance in cyberspace governance.To this end,the Biden administration has taken the following five measures:(i)using NATO as the core mechanism to carry out Internet cooperation with Europe,(ii)ramping up US efforts to seek cyber cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region,(iii)harmonizing the“Alliance for the Future of the Internet”with existing multilateral mechanisms,(iv)using a carrot-and-stick approach to enhance international mobilization,and(v)containing and isolating China and Russia in cyberspace.These measures will increasingly disrupt the balance of power in cyberspace and cause fierce cyber competition with China,increasing the pressure for third parties to take sides and making it more difficult for the global governance of cyberspace.Although the US has courted several countries and built a preliminary issue-based alliance buttressed by a strong sense of ideological affinity,in reality it is far from a well-institutionalized alliance that is capable of effective collective action.The alliance also faces long-term challenges such as ideological incoherence regarding cyberspace,disagreements among member states,the lack of a clear path to implementation,and the wait-and-see attitude of a large number of developing countries.
出处
《国际论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期41-60,156,157,共22页
International Forum
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“百年大变局下中国外交能力建设研究”(项目批准号:21BGJ071)的阶段性成果。
关键词
拜登政府
互联网未来联盟
网络竞争
网络治理
中美关系
the Biden administration
Alliance for the Future of the Internet
cyberspace competition
cyberspace governance
China-US relations
