摘要
2020-2021年在中国科学院禹城综合试验站进行青贮-籽粒玉米双季弹性种植模式夏玉米弹性播期试验,并对其周年籽粒当量产量、水热利用效率进行分析,以期论证水热资源和粮食需求结构变化的背景下,夏玉米弹性播期为特色的青贮-籽粒双季玉米种植模式在华北平原的可行性和应用前景。结果表明:(1)双季玉米周年热量利用效率较高的夏玉米弹性播期在6月1-29日,周年热量利用效率平均为3.1kg·hm^(-2)·(℃·d)^(-1);(2)双季玉米周年水分利用效率较高的夏玉米弹性播期为6月1-15日,周年水分利用效率平均为2.1kg·m^(-3);(3)基于水热高效利用的夏玉米弹性播期为6月1-15日,其周年籽粒当量产量平均为12886.4kg·hm^(-2),比本站冬小麦-夏玉米多年平均周年产量略低14.0%,但周年作物耗水量降低34.4%,周年水分利用效率提高30.9%。青贮-籽粒双季玉米弹性种植模式可以在产量相当的情况下有效减少周年作物耗水量,提高周年水分利用效率。
In order to demonstrate the feasibility and application prospect of the silage-grain maize double season flexible planting pattern with flexible sowing date of summer maize in North China Plain under the background of the change of water and heat resources and grain demand structure,an experiment was conducted at Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2020 to 2021,and its annual grain equivalent yield and utilization efficiency of heat and water resources were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the flexible sowing period of summer maize with high annual heat use efficiency(HUE)of double season maize cropping pattern was from June 1 to June 29,with an average annual HUE of 3.1kg·ha^(-1)·(℃·d)^(-1).(2)The flexible sowing period of summer maize with high annual water use efficiency(WUE)of double maize cropping pattern was from June 1 to June 15,with an average annual WUE of 2.1kg·m^(-3).(3)Based on the flexible sowing period,which was from June 1 to June 15,the average annual grain equivalent yield was 12886.4kg·ha^(-1),which was 14.0%lower than the average annual yield of winter wheat-summer maize.Whereas the annual water consumption of double maize cropping pattern decreased by 34.4%and annual water use efficiency increased by 30.9%,compared with the annual average of winter wheat-summer maize.The silage-grain maize double flexible planting pattern can effectively reduce annual crop water consumption,improve annual water use efficiency under the condition of the same yield.
作者
邵长秀
徐欣莹
覃文阮
龙步菊
董宛麟
孙志刚
SHAO Chang-xiu;XU Xin-ying;QIN Wen-ruan;LONG Bu-ju;DONG Wan-lin;SUN Zhi-gang(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resource and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Zhongke Shandong Dongying Institute of Geography,Dongying 257000;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;China Meteorological Administration Training Centre,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期206-218,共13页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31870421)。
关键词
青贮-籽粒玉米双季弹性种植模式
夏玉米多播期
热量利用效率
水分利用效率
Silage-grain maize double season flexible planting pattern
Sowing date of summer maize
Water use efficiency
Heat use efficiency
