摘要
我国南方冬油菜主要还是依靠人工种植。南方稻油轮作区普遍存在水稻迟收、茬口紧张、油菜难种的问题,出现大量可种植油菜的冬闲田。油菜机械化育苗移栽具有抢茬种植、稳产增产的优势,着力解决为机育苗简易化、标准化,加快提高移栽机可靠性、适用性,是当前极为迫切的一个任务。农业农村部农业机械化总站组织开展了油菜移栽机作业效果综合测评,结果显示,在作业性能上,3台机具的栽植频率均达到了100株/(min·行)以上,栽植密度达到10万株(穴)/hm2以上,满足油菜高速高密度栽植要求,云马2ZGK-6型油菜毯状苗联合移栽机具有较高的成熟度和较强的适应性;在经济性能上,3台机具的作业效率是人工移栽的50倍,作业总成本只有人工移栽的1/10~1/5,云马2ZGK-6为整地、移栽复式作业,表现出稻茬田直接开展油菜机械移栽优越的经济性能。通过结果分析,提出加大为机育苗补助力度,扶持油菜机械化移栽发展;加大机具购置补贴力度,保障油菜移栽作业机具供应;加大技术示范推广力度,分区域总结集成适宜模式等措施建议。
Manual planting is still the main method on winter rape in South China.Rice oil rotation area in South China have the problems of rice harvest delay,rice&oil stubble tension,rape planting difficulty.As the result,there are a large number of winter fallow fields for planting rape.Mechanical seedling raising and transplanting of rape has the advantages of rotation planting rapidly and yield increasing.These are urgent missions to quickly improve the reliability and applicability of transplanters,and to work hard to realize the simplification and standardization of seedling raising.China Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,organized comprehensive testing on working effects of the rape transplanters.From the results,in terms of operation performance of the three machines,the planting frequencies have all reached 100 seedlings per minute per line,planting densities have all reached 100 thousands seedlings per hectare,which can meet the requirements for highspeed and highdensity planting of rape,Yunma 2ZGK-6 has the high maturity and adaptability.In terms of economic performance of the three machines,operation efficiencies are all 50 times that of manual transplanting,meanwhile,the total operation costs are all only 1/10-1/5 of manual transplanting.Yunma 2ZGK-6 can fulfill land preparation&transplanting double operations,showing the superior economic performance on mechanical transplanting rape directly in rice stubble field.Through analysis of the testing result,the paper puts forward some measures and recommendations including,increasing subsidies for breeding as to support the development of mechanized rape transplanting,increasing subsidies for equipment purchase to ensure the supply of rape transplanters,increasing the demonstration and promotion of technology to summarize and integrate appropriate modes for different regions.
作者
吴传云
冯健
吴俊
李丹阳
李曦
舒娟
王康军
Wu Chuanyun;Feng Jian;Wu Jun;Li Danyang;Li Xi;Shu Juan;Wang Kangjun(China Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100122,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China;Agricultural Technology Popularization Center of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang,330299,China;Second Station of Jiangxi Agricultural Machinery Product Quality Supervision and Inspection,Nanchang,330200,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2023年第3期1-5,12,共6页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
江西省重点研发计划项目(20212BBF63039)。
关键词
油菜移栽机
综合测评
作业效果
作业性能
经济性能
rape transplanters
comprehensive testing and evaluation
working effects
working performance
economic performance
