摘要
通常认为,改善营商环境有利于增加就业机会。但改善营商环境对国家地区就业增长的影响程度究竟是怎样的?哪些阶段、哪些地区营商环境改善措施对就业的影响更加显著有效?国内外现有研究尚未给出实证性结论。本文采用2009—2019年全球104个经济体的面板数据,构建以市场准入-运营-退出为主要环节的全生命周期营商环境改善理论分析框架,检验营商环境改善对就业的影响及差异。研究发现:(1)营商环境改善与就业率增长、失业率降低均有显著的正相关关系,改善营商环境对降低失业率的正向影响更大。(2)准入、运营和退出环节环境改善,对就业率增长、失业率降低都具有显著正相关关系,运营环节相关系数更大。(3)营商环境改善与就业增长的相关关系具有区域异质性,对于高收入国家、中高收入国家,改善营商环境促进就业、降低失业的效果显著性水平更高。这些回归均采用就业率与失业率做替换测度,说明结论具有稳健性。上述结论表明,改善营商环境能促进就业增长,并在全生命周期中呈现“倒U型”结构。
It is commonly believed that improving the business environment is conducive to increasing employment opportunities.But what is the impact of improving the business environment on job growth in the country and the region?In which stages and in which regions are business environment improvement measures more significant and effective?Existing research has not yet given empirical conclusions.Using the panel data of 104 economies around the world from 2009 to 2019,it constructs a theoretical analysis framework for the improvement of the business environment in the whole life cycle(market entry-operation-exit)and examines the impact and differences of business environment improvement on employment.The study found that:(1)There is a significant positive relationship between business environment improvement and employment growth and unemployment reduction,and the positive impact of business environment improvement on unemployment reduction is greater.(2)The improvement of the environment in the entry,operation and exit links has a significant positive correlation with the growth of the employment rate and the reduction in the unemployment rate,and the correlation coefficient of the operation link is even greater.(3)The correlation between the business environment and employment growth is regionally heterogeneous,and the significance level of the effect of improving business environment to promote employment and reduce unemployment is higher for high-income countries and middle-and high-income countries.These regressions all use the employment rate and the unemployment rate as replacement measures,indicating that the conclusions are robust.The above conclusions show that improving the business environment can promote employment growth and present an“inverted U-shaped”structure throughout the whole life cycle.
作者
赖先进
Lai Xianjin(School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(Chinese National Academy of Governance),Beijing 100091)
出处
《中国行政管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期105-112,共8页
Chinese Public Administration
关键词
营商环境
就业
失业
影响
business environment
employment
unemployment
impact
