摘要
为筛选防除阿拉伯婆婆纳(Veronica persica)的高效除草剂,采用室内生物测定法明确了小麦(Triticum aestivum)田17种茎叶除草剂对阿拉伯婆婆纳的活性,同时对筛选出的10种活性较高的除草剂开展毒力测定及田间药效评价。结果表明,三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯、吡氟酰草胺、氯氟吡氧乙酸、苯磺隆、二甲四氯钠、啶磺草胺、异丙隆、酰嘧磺隆、辛酰溴苯腈、二氯异噁草酮10种除草剂在推荐剂量下活性较高,鲜重抑制率达89.10%~95.18%,其中吡氟酰草胺、啶磺草胺、辛酰溴苯腈毒力较高,GR90 (抑制杂草生长90%时的除草剂剂量)分别为89.28、6.52、155.42 g·hm^(-2)[有效成分(下同)],低于其1/2推荐剂量;其次为唑草酮、双唑草酮、甲基二磺隆和噻吩磺隆,鲜重抑制率为76.60%~87.63%;氟唑磺隆、唑嘧磺草胺活性较差,双氟磺草胺无使用价值。田间药效试验结果表明,药后2120 d,二氯异噁草酮216 g·hm^(-2)、啶磺草胺15 g·hm^(-2)对阿拉伯婆婆纳防效最高,鲜重防效分别为97.11%和95.59%;其次为吡氟酰草胺262.5 g·hm^(-2)、苯磺隆22.50 g·hm^(-2)、二甲四氯钠1 260 g·hm^(-2),鲜重防效84.06%~90.39%,此5种药剂在推荐剂量时对阿拉伯婆婆纳均有较好防效。
To screen high-efficiency herbicides for the control of V. persica, the activity of 17 post-emergence herbicides against V. persica in wheat fields was determined using a whole plant dose response experiment. The toxicity and field evaluated efficacy was examined for ten herbicides selected with high activity. The results have shown that at the recommended dosage, the 10 herbicides including triclopyr-butotyl, diflufenican, fluroxypyr, tribenuron-methyl, MPCAsodium, pyroxsulam, isoproturon, amidosulfuron, bromoxynil octanoate, and bixlozone have higher activity. The inhibition rate of the fresh weight was 89.10%~95.18%. Diflufenican, pyroxsulam, and bromoxynil octanoate had high toxicity for V.persica, and GR90was 89.28, 6.52, and 155.42 g·hm^(-2), which were all below the recommended dose of dim dimidius. The second was carfentrazone-ethyl, bipyrazone, mesosulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuron-methyl and the inhibition rate of the fresh weight was 76.60%~87.63%. Flucarbazone-Na and flumetsulam had poor fluoride activity and Florasulam had no use value. Field efficacy testing showed that 216 g·hm^(-2)of bixlozone and 15 g·hm^(-2)of pyroxsulam had the highest control effect on V. persica after 120 days, with a fresh weight control effect of between 97.11% and 95.59%. The second was 1 260 g·hm^(-2)of MPCA-sodium, 262.5 g·hm^(-2)of diflufenican and 22.50 g·hm^(-2)of fluroxypyr, with a fresh weight control effect of between 84.06% and 90.39%. These five herbicides can effectively control V. persica at the recommended dose.
作者
许锦程
戴魏真
万永乐
吴守鹏
吴向辉
毕亚玲
XU Jincheng;DAI Weizhen;WAN Yongle;WU Shoupeng;WU Xianghui;BI Yaling(College of Resource and Environment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,Anhui,China;College of Agriculture,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,Anhui,China;Wudian Town Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Fengyang 233113,Anhui,China;General Station of Plant Protection,Hefei 230091,Anhui,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期112-123,共12页
Pratacultural Science
基金
2022年度安徽省科技重大专项(202203a06020016)
农业农村部2022年农产品质量安全监管专项(农药)(15227023)。
关键词
冬小麦田
阔叶杂草
阿拉伯婆婆纳
除草剂
药剂筛选
生物活性
田间防效
winter wheat
broadleaf weeds
Veronica persica
herbicide
herbicides screening
bioactivity
control efficacy
